Hungarian Reciprocal Fragment

@cite{rakosi-2019} @cite{dalrymple-haug-2024}

Hungarian uses the reciprocal pronoun egymás (literally 'one-another'). This is an NP/argument strategy (bivalent): the reciprocal occupies the object position and preserves transitivity. It is distinct from the reflexive maga/maguk.

Morphological Invariance

egymás is morphologically invariable: it shows no φ-feature-related variation (no person, number, or gender inflection). This contrasts with the reflexive maga, which has the full paradigm (magam, magad, maga, magunk, magatok, maguk). @cite{rakosi-2019} fn. 1.

Singular Antecedents (@cite{rakosi-2019})

Reciprocals tolerate morphosyntactically singular antecedents in four construction types, while reflexives require morphosyntactic plurality (plural noun head + plural verb agreement + plural anaphor form):

1. Quantified NPs (§3): Hungarian quantified NPs are morphologically singular and take 3SG verbs, yet license egymás.
2. Singular coordinate DPs (§4): Two conjoined singulars can trigger 3SG agreement in Hungarian; egymás is fine, but plural reflexive magukat is blocked (only SG magát permitted with SG verb).
3. Collective nouns (§5): Collective nouns (személyzet 'staff', család 'family') never trigger plural agreement, yet perfectly license egymás.
4. Bound variable antecedents (§6): Embedded pro-dropped singular subject bound by a matrix coordination forces wide-scope (I-)reading. @cite{dalrymple-haug-2024} §2.

def Fragments.Hungarian.Reciprocals.egymas : Typology.PronounEntry

egymás — reciprocal pronoun 'each other'. Morphologically invariable: no φ-feature inflection. @cite{rakosi-2019} fn. 1.

Equations

• Fragments.Hungarian.Reciprocals.egymas = { form := "egymás", person := some UD.Person.third }

def Fragments.Hungarian.Reciprocals.maga : Typology.PronounEntry

maga — reflexive pronoun (3SG form, for contrast). Unlike egymás, the reflexive inflects for number: magá-t (SG.ACC) vs. maguk-at (PL.ACC).

Equations

• Fragments.Hungarian.Reciprocals.maga = { form := "maga", person := some UD.Person.third, number := some Number.sg }

def Fragments.Hungarian.Reciprocals.maguk : Typology.PronounEntry

maguk — reflexive pronoun (3PL form).

Equations

• Fragments.Hungarian.Reciprocals.maguk = { form := "maguk", person := some UD.Person.third, number := some Number.pl }

structure Fragments.Hungarian.Reciprocals.AntecedentConfig : Type

An antecedent configuration for anaphor licensing. syntacticPl = the antecedent bears plural morphology and triggers plural verb agreement. semanticPl = the antecedent denotes a plurality (multiple individuals).

• name : String
• syntacticPl : Bool

  Morphosyntactically plural (plural noun head, plural verb agr)

• semanticPl : Bool

  Semantically plural (denotes multiple individuals)

• verbAgr : Number

  Verb agreement number

@[implicit_reducible]

instance Fragments.Hungarian.Reciprocals.instReprAntecedentConfig : Repr AntecedentConfig

Equations

• Fragments.Hungarian.Reciprocals.instReprAntecedentConfig = { reprPrec := Fragments.Hungarian.Reciprocals.instReprAntecedentConfig.repr }

def Fragments.Hungarian.Reciprocals.instReprAntecedentConfig.repr : AntecedentConfig → ℕ → Std.Format

Equations

• One or more equations did not get rendered due to their size.

def Fragments.Hungarian.Reciprocals.quantifiedNP : AntecedentConfig

§3: Quantified NPs. Hungarian quantified NPs are morphologically singular (no -ek suffix) and trigger 3SG verb agreement. Ex: "Két gyerek jól érezte magá-t/*maguk-at." (Two child well felt.3SG self-ACC/*selves-ACC) But: "Három kisgyerek kergeti egymás-t." (OK)

Equations

• Fragments.Hungarian.Reciprocals.quantifiedNP = { name := "Quantified NP (két/három/néhány + SG noun)", syntacticPl := false, semanticPl := true, verbAgr := Number.sg }

def Fragments.Hungarian.Reciprocals.singularCoordinate : AntecedentConfig

§4: Singular coordinate DPs. Two conjoined singular NPs can trigger either SG or PL agreement from the left periphery. With SG verb: reflexive must be SG (magát), reciprocal is OK. Ex: "Kati és Éva kihúzta magát/*magukat." (3SG → SG refl only) But: "Kati és Éva látta/látták egymás-t a tükörben." (both OK)

Equations

• Fragments.Hungarian.Reciprocals.singularCoordinate = { name := "Singular coordinate DP (X és Y + 3SG verb)", syntacticPl := false, semanticPl := true, verbAgr := Number.sg }

def Fragments.Hungarian.Reciprocals.collectiveNoun : AntecedentConfig

§5: Collective nouns. Hungarian collective nouns never trigger plural agreement (*voltak for személyzet). Ex: "A személyzet riadtan nézte egymás-t." (3SG, reciprocal OK) Ex: "Az egész család jól érezte magá-t/*maguk-at." (SG refl only)

Equations

• Fragments.Hungarian.Reciprocals.collectiveNoun = { name := "Collective noun (személyzet, család, pár)", syntacticPl := false, semanticPl := true, verbAgr := Number.sg }

def Fragments.Hungarian.Reciprocals.boundVariable : AntecedentConfig

§6: Bound variable antecedent. Embedded pro-dropped SG subject bound by matrix coordination. Forces wide-scope (I-)reading. Ex: "Péter és Éva azt gondolja, hogy (*ő) szereti egymás-t." @cite{dalrymple-haug-2024} §2.

Equations

• Fragments.Hungarian.Reciprocals.boundVariable = { name := "Bound singular pro-drop (coordination in matrix)", syntacticPl := false, semanticPl := true, verbAgr := Number.sg }

def Fragments.Hungarian.Reciprocals.pluralAntecedent : AntecedentConfig

Standard plural antecedent (baseline). Ex: "A gyerek-ek látták egymás-t a tükörben."

Equations

• Fragments.Hungarian.Reciprocals.pluralAntecedent = { name := "Plural NP (standard)", syntacticPl := true, semanticPl := true, verbAgr := Number.pl }

def Fragments.Hungarian.Reciprocals.singularConstructions : List AntecedentConfig

All four singular-antecedent constructions from @cite{rakosi-2019}.

Equations

• One or more equations did not get rendered due to their size.

def Fragments.Hungarian.Reciprocals.reciprocalReq : Semantics.Reference.PluralityLicensing.PluralityRequirement

Reciprocals require only semantic plurality.

Equations

• Fragments.Hungarian.Reciprocals.reciprocalReq = Semantics.Reference.PluralityLicensing.anaphorPluralityReq true

def Fragments.Hungarian.Reciprocals.reflexiveReq : Semantics.Reference.PluralityLicensing.PluralityRequirement

Reflexives require morphosyntactic plurality.

Equations

• Fragments.Hungarian.Reciprocals.reflexiveReq = Semantics.Reference.PluralityLicensing.anaphorPluralityReq false

def Fragments.Hungarian.Reciprocals.reciprocalLicensed (cfg : AntecedentConfig) : Bool

Whether the reciprocal is licensed in a given antecedent config.

Equations

• One or more equations did not get rendered due to their size.

def Fragments.Hungarian.Reciprocals.pluralReflexiveLicensed (cfg : AntecedentConfig) : Bool

Whether the plural reflexive (maguk-at) is licensed.

Equations

• One or more equations did not get rendered due to their size.

theorem Fragments.Hungarian.Reciprocals.singular_asymmetry : List.map reciprocalLicensed singularConstructions = [true, true, true, true] ∧ List.map pluralReflexiveLicensed singularConstructions = [false, false, false, false]

The core asymmetry: in ALL four singular constructions, the reciprocal is licensed but the plural reflexive is not.

theorem Fragments.Hungarian.Reciprocals.plural_licenses_both : reciprocalLicensed pluralAntecedent = true ∧ pluralReflexiveLicensed pluralAntecedent = true

With a standard plural antecedent, both are licensed.

theorem Fragments.Hungarian.Reciprocals.recip_distinct_from_reflexive : egymas.form ≠ maga.form ∧ egymas.form ≠ maguk.form

egymás is formally distinct from both reflexive forms.

theorem Fragments.Hungarian.Reciprocals.egymas_invariable : egymas.number = none

egymás is morphologically invariable (no number feature).

theorem Fragments.Hungarian.Reciprocals.reflexive_inflects : maga.number = some Number.sg ∧ maguk.number = some Number.pl

The reflexive DOES inflect for number.

def Fragments.Hungarian.Reciprocals.singularAntecedentForcesWideScope : Bool

When the local antecedent is a singular bound pronoun, only the wide-scope (I-)reading is available. @cite{dalrymple-haug-2024} §2.

Equations

• Fragments.Hungarian.Reciprocals.singularAntecedentForcesWideScope = true