Hindi-Urdu pronouns

The personal pronouns of Hindi-Urdu show a three-level honorific contrast in the second person (tuu / tum / aap) and demonstrative-based third-person forms (vah / ve). There is no allocutive agreement; an honorific subject co-opts plural verb agreement, as Alok and Bhalla describe for Hindi ((48)).

References

• D. Alok and O. Bhalla, Allocutivity and the Syntax of Honorifics (2026)

inductive HindiUrdu.Grade : Type

The honorific grades of the Hindi-Urdu second person, lowest first.

• nonhonorific : Grade

  The nonhonorific grade, tuu.

• honorific : Grade

  The honorific grade, tum.

• highHonorific : Grade

  The high honorific grade, aap.

@[instance_reducible]

instance HindiUrdu.instDecidableEqGrade : DecidableEq Grade

Equations

• HindiUrdu.instDecidableEqGrade x✝ y✝ = if h : x✝.ctorIdx = y✝.ctorIdx then isTrue ⋯ else isFalse ⋯

@[instance_reducible]

instance HindiUrdu.instFintypeGrade : Fintype Grade

Equations

• HindiUrdu.instFintypeGrade = { elems := { val := ↑HindiUrdu.Grade.enumList, nodup := HindiUrdu.Grade.enumList_nodup }, complete := HindiUrdu.instFintypeGrade._proof_1 }

@[instance_reducible]

instance HindiUrdu.instReprGrade : Repr Grade

Equations

• HindiUrdu.instReprGrade = { reprPrec := HindiUrdu.instReprGrade.repr }

def HindiUrdu.instReprGrade.repr : Grade → ℕ → Std.Format

Equations

• One or more equations did not get rendered due to their size.
• HindiUrdu.instReprGrade.repr HindiUrdu.Grade.nonhonorific prec✝ = Repr.addAppParen (Std.Format.nest (if prec✝ ≥ 1024 then 1 else 2) (Std.Format.text "HindiUrdu.Grade.nonhonorific")).group prec✝
• HindiUrdu.instReprGrade.repr HindiUrdu.Grade.honorific prec✝ = Repr.addAppParen (Std.Format.nest (if prec✝ ≥ 1024 then 1 else 2) (Std.Format.text "HindiUrdu.Grade.honorific")).group prec✝

@[instance_reducible]

instance HindiUrdu.instLinearOrderGrade : LinearOrder Grade

Equations

• HindiUrdu.instLinearOrderGrade = LinearOrder.lift' HindiUrdu.Grade.ctorIdx HindiUrdu.instLinearOrderGrade._proof_1

def HindiUrdu.Pronouns.maiN : PersonalPronoun

maiṃ — 1sg.

Equations

• HindiUrdu.Pronouns.maiN = { form := "maiṃ", person := some Person.first, number := some Number.singular }

def HindiUrdu.Pronouns.ham : PersonalPronoun

ham — 1pl.

Equations

• HindiUrdu.Pronouns.ham = { form := "ham", person := some Person.first, number := some Number.plural }

def HindiUrdu.Pronouns.tuu : PersonalPronoun

tuu — 2sg nonhonorific.

Equations

• HindiUrdu.Pronouns.tuu = { form := "tuu", person := some Person.second, number := some Number.singular }

def HindiUrdu.Pronouns.tum : PersonalPronoun

tum — 2sg honorific.

Equations

• HindiUrdu.Pronouns.tum = { form := "tum", person := some Person.second, number := some Number.singular }

def HindiUrdu.Pronouns.aap : PersonalPronoun

aap — 2sg high honorific.

Equations

• HindiUrdu.Pronouns.aap = { form := "aap", person := some Person.second, number := some Number.singular }

def HindiUrdu.Pronouns.vah : PersonalPronoun

vah — 3sg, the distal demonstrative.

Equations

• HindiUrdu.Pronouns.vah = { form := "vah", person := some Person.third, number := some Number.singular }

def HindiUrdu.Pronouns.ve : PersonalPronoun

ve — 3pl, the distal demonstrative plural.

Equations

• HindiUrdu.Pronouns.ve = { form := "ve", person := some Person.third, number := some Number.plural }

def HindiUrdu.Pronouns.addressee : Grade → PersonalPronoun

The second person singular at each grade.

Equations

• HindiUrdu.Pronouns.addressee HindiUrdu.Grade.nonhonorific = HindiUrdu.Pronouns.tuu
• HindiUrdu.Pronouns.addressee HindiUrdu.Grade.honorific = HindiUrdu.Pronouns.tum
• HindiUrdu.Pronouns.addressee HindiUrdu.Grade.highHonorific = HindiUrdu.Pronouns.aap

def HindiUrdu.Pronouns.pronouns : Finset PersonalPronoun

The pronoun inventory.

Equations

• One or more equations did not get rendered due to their size.