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Linglib.Fragments.HindiUrdu.PolarityItems

Hindi-Urdu polarity items #

Hindi-Urdu builds its negative polarity items from weak indefinites and the particle bhii 'even', as Lahiri describes them for Hindi ((1)): koii bhii 'anyone', ek bhii 'even one', kuch bhii 'anything', zaraa bhii 'even a little', kabhii bhii 'ever'. All are negative polarity and free choice items, licensed in downward-entailing contexts and, as free choice items, in generics and generically read possibility modals but not under necessity modals (§5); the numeral and measure items ek bhii and zaraa bhii are odd in imperatives (§5.4). Plain koii 'someone' is no polarity item: it is used in every function of Haspelmath's map but the comparative and free choice (A.22.3), and takes either scope with respect to negation (Lahiri (83)). The attested contexts follow Lahiri §4–5.

References #

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def HindiUrdu.PolarityItems.koiiBhii :
PolarityItem

koii bhii 'anyone', a negative polarity and free choice item ([Lah98] (6), (10)–(12), (29), (31b), (32), (34) for the downward-entailing uses; (35), (36b), (39b) for free choice; out under a necessity modal, (36d)).

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    def HindiUrdu.PolarityItems.ekBhii :
    PolarityItem

    ek bhii 'even one', a negative polarity and free choice item, odd in imperatives ([Lah98] (7), (10d), (11a), (29a), (29f), (34b), (35d), (36a); imperative (40b)).

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      def HindiUrdu.PolarityItems.kuchBhii :
      PolarityItem

      kuch bhii 'anything, any (mass)' ([Lah98] (8), (10f), (34c), (35c), (39a)).

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        def HindiUrdu.PolarityItems.zaraaBhii :
        PolarityItem

        zaraa bhii 'even a little', a negative polarity and free choice item, odd in imperatives ([Lah98] (9), (10e), §4.5, (34d), (35e); imperative (40a)).

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          def HindiUrdu.PolarityItems.kabhiiBhii :
          PolarityItem

          kabhii bhii 'ever, anytime' ([Lah98] (36c)).

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            def HindiUrdu.PolarityItems.bhiiItems :
            List PolarityItem

            The bhii-compound entries.

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              theorem HindiUrdu.PolarityItems.hindi_licensing_sound (e : PolarityItem) :
              e ∈ bhiiItems → ∀ c ∈ e.licensingContexts, c.licenser.Admits e

              Every attested context of every entry admits it.