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Linglib.Fragments.Hindi.PolarityItems

Hindi Polarity-Sensitive Items #

Hindi builds NPIs from weak indefinites plus the particle bhii 'even' ([Lah98] (1), p. 58): koii bhii 'anyone', ek bhii 'even one', kuch bhii 'anything', zaraa bhii 'even a little', kabhii bhii 'ever'. All are dual NPI/FC items — strength-licensed in DE contexts, free-choice in generics and possibility modals but not necessity modals ([Lah98] §5) — and the cardinality-alternative items (ek bhii, zaraa bhii) resist imperatives (§5.4). koii nahiiN is the indefinite + negation route. Attested contexts follow [Lah98] §4–5; cf. [Has97] on the koii series.

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def Hindi.PolarityItems.koiiNahiin :
Polarity.Item

koii nahiiN — negative indefinite, koii + negation: 'koii nahiiN aayaa' (nobody came).

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    def Hindi.PolarityItems.koiiBhii :
    Polarity.Item

    koii bhii 'anyone' — dual NPI/FCI with contextual-property alternatives ([Lah98] (6), (10)–(12), (29), (31b), (32), (34) for the DE uses; (35), (36b), (39b) for free choice; necessity modals are out, (36d)).

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      def Hindi.PolarityItems.ekBhii :
      Polarity.Item

      ek bhii 'even one' — dual NPI/FCI with cardinality alternatives; degraded in imperatives ([Lah98] (7), (10d), (11a), (29a), (29f), (34b), (35d), (36a); imperative (40b)).

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        def Hindi.PolarityItems.kuchBhii :
        Polarity.Item

        kuch bhii 'anything, any (mass)' ([Lah98] (8), (10f), (34c), (35c), (39a)).

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          def Hindi.PolarityItems.zaraaBhii :
          Polarity.Item

          zaraa bhii 'even a little' — measure (cardinality) alternatives; degraded in imperatives ([Lah98] (9), (10e), §4.5, (34d), (35e); imperative (40a)).

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            def Hindi.PolarityItems.kabhiiBhii :
            Polarity.Item

            kabhii bhii 'ever, anytime' ([Lah98] (36c)).

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              def Hindi.PolarityItems.bhiiItems :
              List Polarity.Item

              The bhii-compound entries.

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                theorem Hindi.PolarityItems.hindi_licensing_sound (e : Polarity.Item) :
                e ∈ koiiNahiin :: bhiiItems → ∀ c ∈ e.licensingContexts, c.licenses e

                Every attested context of every entry is predicted licensed.

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                theorem Hindi.PolarityItems.bhii_items_uniform (e : Polarity.Item) :
                e ∈ bhiiItems → e.morphology = Polarity.NPIMorphology.indefPlusEven ∧ e.licensor = some Polarity.DEStrength.weak ∧ e.freeChoice = true

                The bhii-compounds are uniformly indefinite + even dual NPI/FC items.