Modern Hebrew phonology

This file defines the 20 consonants and five vowels of Modern Hebrew, as in PHOIBLE's inventory 2449 of Israeli Hebrew, as segments named by their IPA symbols, with feature values from the PHOIBLE chart.

The stops /b/, /k/ and /p/ alternate with the fricatives /v/, /x/ and /f/ in native words, but only where the root consonant is the historical ב, כ or פ; the /k/ of ק and the /v/ of ו never alternate. The alternating consonant of a root is the archisegment B, K or P, the meet of its two alternants, which leaves continuancy and the features that go with it unspecified; a spirantization rule fills them in.

Main definitions

• b, d, …, ʔ: the consonants, and consonants, the set of them.
• a, ɛ, i, o, u: the vowels, and vowels, the set of them.
• B, K, P: the archisegments of the alternating stops.

Main results

• heb_phonemes_map: the consonants and vowels are the segments of inventory 2449's phonemes.
• unspecified_continuant: the archisegments, and only they, leave continuancy unspecified.
• naturalClass_setFeature_continuant: each archisegment has one stop and one fricative.

References

• [MMcC19]

def Hebrew.Phonology.b : Phonology.Segment

The voiced bilabial stop /b/.

Equations

• Hebrew.Phonology.b = Phonology.Segment.ofChart Data.PHOIBLE.FeatureMatrix.b

def Hebrew.Phonology.d : Phonology.Segment

The voiced alveolar stop /d/.

Equations

• Hebrew.Phonology.d = Phonology.Segment.ofChart Data.PHOIBLE.FeatureMatrix.d

def Hebrew.Phonology.f : Phonology.Segment

The voiceless labiodental fricative /f/.

Equations

• Hebrew.Phonology.f = Phonology.Segment.ofChart Data.PHOIBLE.FeatureMatrix.f

def Hebrew.Phonology.«ɡ» : Phonology.Segment

The voiced velar stop /ɡ/.

Equations

• Hebrew.Phonology.«ɡ» = Phonology.Segment.ofChart Data.PHOIBLE.FeatureMatrix.«ɡ»

def Hebrew.Phonology.h : Phonology.Segment

The voiceless glottal fricative /h/.

Equations

• Hebrew.Phonology.h = Phonology.Segment.ofChart Data.PHOIBLE.FeatureMatrix.h

def Hebrew.Phonology.j : Phonology.Segment

The palatal glide /j/.

Equations

• Hebrew.Phonology.j = Phonology.Segment.ofChart Data.PHOIBLE.FeatureMatrix.j

def Hebrew.Phonology.k : Phonology.Segment

The voiceless velar stop /k/.

Equations

• Hebrew.Phonology.k = Phonology.Segment.ofChart Data.PHOIBLE.FeatureMatrix.k

def Hebrew.Phonology.l : Phonology.Segment

The alveolar lateral /l/.

Equations

• Hebrew.Phonology.l = Phonology.Segment.ofChart Data.PHOIBLE.FeatureMatrix.l

def Hebrew.Phonology.m : Phonology.Segment

The bilabial nasal /m/.

Equations

• Hebrew.Phonology.m = Phonology.Segment.ofChart Data.PHOIBLE.FeatureMatrix.m

def Hebrew.Phonology.n : Phonology.Segment

The alveolar nasal /n/.

Equations

• Hebrew.Phonology.n = Phonology.Segment.ofChart Data.PHOIBLE.FeatureMatrix.n

def Hebrew.Phonology.p : Phonology.Segment

The voiceless bilabial stop /p/.

Equations

• Hebrew.Phonology.p = Phonology.Segment.ofChart Data.PHOIBLE.FeatureMatrix.p

def Hebrew.Phonology.«ʁ» : Phonology.Segment

The voiced uvular fricative /ʁ/, the Modern Hebrew r.

Equations

• Hebrew.Phonology.«ʁ» = Phonology.Segment.ofChart Data.PHOIBLE.FeatureMatrix.«ʁ»

def Hebrew.Phonology.s : Phonology.Segment

The voiceless alveolar fricative /s/.

Equations

• Hebrew.Phonology.s = Phonology.Segment.ofChart Data.PHOIBLE.FeatureMatrix.s

def Hebrew.Phonology.«ʃ» : Phonology.Segment

The voiceless postalveolar fricative /ʃ/.

Equations

• Hebrew.Phonology.«ʃ» = Phonology.Segment.ofChart Data.PHOIBLE.FeatureMatrix.«ʃ»

def Hebrew.Phonology.t : Phonology.Segment

The voiceless alveolar stop /t/.

Equations

• Hebrew.Phonology.t = Phonology.Segment.ofChart Data.PHOIBLE.FeatureMatrix.t

def Hebrew.Phonology.ts : Phonology.Segment

The voiceless alveolar affricate /ts/.

Equations

• Hebrew.Phonology.ts = Phonology.Segment.ofChart Data.PHOIBLE.FeatureMatrix.ts

def Hebrew.Phonology.v : Phonology.Segment

The voiced labiodental fricative /v/.

Equations

• Hebrew.Phonology.v = Phonology.Segment.ofChart Data.PHOIBLE.FeatureMatrix.v

def Hebrew.Phonology.x : Phonology.Segment

The voiceless velar fricative /x/.

Equations

• Hebrew.Phonology.x = Phonology.Segment.ofChart Data.PHOIBLE.FeatureMatrix.x

def Hebrew.Phonology.z : Phonology.Segment

The voiced alveolar fricative /z/.

Equations

• Hebrew.Phonology.z = Phonology.Segment.ofChart Data.PHOIBLE.FeatureMatrix.z

def Hebrew.Phonology.«ʔ» : Phonology.Segment

The glottal stop /ʔ/.

Equations

• Hebrew.Phonology.«ʔ» = Phonology.Segment.ofChart Data.PHOIBLE.FeatureMatrix.«ʔ»

def Hebrew.Phonology.consonants : Finset Phonology.Segment

The consonants of Modern Hebrew.

Equations

• One or more equations did not get rendered due to their size.

def Hebrew.Phonology.a : Phonology.Segment

The open vowel /a/.

Equations

• Hebrew.Phonology.a = Phonology.Segment.ofChart Data.PHOIBLE.FeatureMatrix.a

def Hebrew.Phonology.«ɛ» : Phonology.Segment

The open-mid front vowel /ɛ/.

Equations

• Hebrew.Phonology.«ɛ» = Phonology.Segment.ofChart Data.PHOIBLE.FeatureMatrix.«ɛ»

def Hebrew.Phonology.i : Phonology.Segment

The close front vowel /i/.

Equations

• Hebrew.Phonology.i = Phonology.Segment.ofChart Data.PHOIBLE.FeatureMatrix.i

def Hebrew.Phonology.o : Phonology.Segment

The close-mid back vowel /o/.

Equations

• Hebrew.Phonology.o = Phonology.Segment.ofChart Data.PHOIBLE.FeatureMatrix.o

def Hebrew.Phonology.u : Phonology.Segment

The close back vowel /u/.

Equations

• Hebrew.Phonology.u = Phonology.Segment.ofChart Data.PHOIBLE.FeatureMatrix.u

def Hebrew.Phonology.vowels : Finset Phonology.Segment

The vowels of Modern Hebrew.

Equations

• Hebrew.Phonology.vowels = { val := ↑[Hebrew.Phonology.a, Hebrew.Phonology.«ɛ», Hebrew.Phonology.i, Hebrew.Phonology.o, Hebrew.Phonology.u], nodup := Hebrew.Phonology.vowels._proof_2 }

theorem Hebrew.Phonology.heb_phonemes_map : List.map (fun (x : Data.PHOIBLE.Phoneme) => Phonology.Segment.ofChart x.features) Data.PHOIBLE.Inventories.IsraeliHebrew.heb.phonemes = [b, d, f, h, j, k, l, m, n, p, s, t, ts, v, x, z, «ɡ», «ʁ», «ʃ», «ʔ», a, i, o, u, «ɛ»]

The consonants and vowels, in the order of PHOIBLE's inventory 2449, are the segments of its phonemes.

The alternating stops

def Hebrew.Phonology.B : Phonology.Segment

The archisegment of the alternating ב, the meet of /b/ and /v/.

Equations

• Hebrew.Phonology.B = Hebrew.Phonology.b ⊓ Hebrew.Phonology.v

def Hebrew.Phonology.K : Phonology.Segment

The archisegment of the alternating כ, the meet of /k/ and /x/.

Equations

• Hebrew.Phonology.K = Hebrew.Phonology.k ⊓ Hebrew.Phonology.x

def Hebrew.Phonology.P : Phonology.Segment

The archisegment of the alternating פ, the meet of /p/ and /f/.

Equations

• Hebrew.Phonology.P = Hebrew.Phonology.p ⊓ Hebrew.Phonology.f

theorem Hebrew.Phonology.unspecified_continuant : (∀ x ∈ [B, K, P], x.Unspecified Phonology.Feature.continuant) ∧ ∀ x ∈ consonants ∪ vowels, ¬x.Unspecified Phonology.Feature.continuant

The archisegments leave continuancy unspecified, and every consonant and vowel specifies it.

theorem Hebrew.Phonology.naturalClass_setFeature_continuant : (B.setFeature Phonology.Feature.continuant false).naturalClass consonants = {b} ∧ (B.setFeature Phonology.Feature.continuant true).naturalClass consonants = {v} ∧ (K.setFeature Phonology.Feature.continuant false).naturalClass consonants = {k} ∧ (K.setFeature Phonology.Feature.continuant true).naturalClass consonants = {x} ∧ (P.setFeature Phonology.Feature.continuant false).naturalClass consonants = {p} ∧ (P.setFeature Phonology.Feature.continuant true).naturalClass consonants = {f}

Each archisegment has one stop and one fricative among the consonants, since with continuancy set B, K and P pick out /b/ and /v/, /k/ and /x/, /p/ and /f/.