Finnish temporal connectives

Lexical entries for the Finnish temporal connectives: ennen and ennen kuin 'before', jälkeen 'after', kun 'when' with its compounds sillä aikaa kun 'while', aina kun 'whenever' and heti kun 'as soon as', the durative kunnes and saakka 'until', and vasta 'only then'. Finnish separates Karttunen's two untils and, uniquely in his sample, has both polarities of the punctual one: the negated ennen kuin, whose form is that of before, and the positive polarity item vasta, the twin of German erst (his (37) and (39)).

References

• [Hei74]
• [Kar74b]

def Finnish.TemporalConnectives.ennen : Tense.Connective

ennen 'before', the preposition.

Equations

• Finnish.TemporalConnectives.ennen = { form := "ennen", relation := Tense.Connective.Relation.before }

def Finnish.TemporalConnectives.ennenKuin : Tense.Connective

ennen kuin 'before', literally 'before than', the conjunction; negated, it is the punctual until of prinsessa ei herännyt ennen kuin yhdeksältä 'the princess did not wake up until nine'.

Equations

• Finnish.TemporalConnectives.ennenKuin = { form := "ennen kuin", relation := Tense.Connective.Relation.before }

def Finnish.TemporalConnectives.jälkeen : Tense.Connective

jälkeen 'after'.

Equations

• Finnish.TemporalConnectives.jälkeen = { form := "jälkeen", relation := Tense.Connective.Relation.after }

def Finnish.TemporalConnectives.kun : Tense.Connective

kun 'when'.

Equations

• Finnish.TemporalConnectives.kun = { form := "kun", relation := Tense.Connective.Relation.when_ }

def Finnish.TemporalConnectives.silläAikaaKun : Tense.Connective

sillä aikaa kun 'while', literally 'in that time when'.

Equations

• Finnish.TemporalConnectives.silläAikaaKun = { form := "sillä aikaa kun", relation := Tense.Connective.Relation.while_ }

def Finnish.TemporalConnectives.ainaKun : Tense.Connective

aina kun 'whenever', literally 'always when'.

Equations

• Finnish.TemporalConnectives.ainaKun = { form := "aina kun", relation := Tense.Connective.Relation.whenever }

def Finnish.TemporalConnectives.hetiKun : Tense.Connective

heti kun 'as soon as', literally 'immediately when'.

Equations

• Finnish.TemporalConnectives.hetiKun = { form := "heti kun", relation := Tense.Connective.Relation.after }

def Finnish.TemporalConnectives.kunnes : Tense.Connective

kunnes, the durative 'until', the conjunction.

Equations

• Finnish.TemporalConnectives.kunnes = { form := "kunnes", relation := Tense.Connective.Relation.until_ }

def Finnish.TemporalConnectives.saakka : Tense.Connective

saakka, the durative 'until', the postposition.

Equations

• Finnish.TemporalConnectives.saakka = { form := "saakka", relation := Tense.Connective.Relation.until_ }

def Finnish.TemporalConnectives.vasta : Tense.Connective

vasta 'only then' is the punctual 'until' of a positive clause, as in prinsessa heräsi vasta yhdeksältä 'the princess did not wake up until nine', with the same commitment to a waking at nine and the same suggestion of lateness as the negated ennen kuin.

Equations

• Finnish.TemporalConnectives.vasta = { form := "vasta", relation := Tense.Connective.Relation.until_ }