Documentation

Linglib.Fragments.English.Predicates.Adjectival

Adjectival Predicate Lexicon Fragment #

Gradable adjective entries following [Ken07], typed with Semantics.Gradability.GradableAdjective (the syntactic Syntax/Adjective lexeme refined with the degree-semantic layer). Each entry stores its surface form, scalar dimension, lexicalized pole (isLowerEndpoint) or standardOverride, and antonym data; the scale shape (scaleType), positive standard, and Kennedy adjectiveClass are derived views, not stored — the fix for the old scaleType field that conflated scale shape with pole (wet/dry share one closed .wetness scale). The derived Kennedy classification is exercised at the end of this file.

@[reducible, inline]

[Ken07] An adjectival predicate entry.

This is an alias for GradableAdjective from the Theory module, re-exported here for the Fragments organization.

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    "tall" — open scale, contrary to "short"

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      "short" — open scale, contrary to "tall"

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        "happy" — open scale, contrary to "unhappy"

        Note: This is the 1-place adjectival predicate "x is happy". For the 2-place attitude predicate "x is happy that p", see Semantics/Attitudes/Preferential.lean.

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          "unhappy" — open scale, contrary to "happy"

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            "sad" — open scale, contrary to "happy" (near-synonym of unhappy)

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              "full" — closed scale, contradictory to "empty"

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                "empty" — closed fullness scale, lower pole ⇒ minimum standard, contradictory to "full".

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                  "hot" — open scale, contrary to "cold"

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                    "cold" — open scale, contrary to "hot"

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                      "expensive" — open scale, contrary to "cheap"

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                        "cheap" — open scale, contrary to "expensive"

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                          "wet" — closed wetness scale, lower pole ⇒ minimum standard (true with any non-zero wetness). Shares the closed .wetness scale with "dry"; the two differ only in pole.

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                            "dry" — closed wetness scale, upper pole ⇒ maximum standard (true only at complete dryness).

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                              "clean" — closed scale (maximally clean), contradictory to "dirty"

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                                "dirty" — closed scale (maximally dirty), contradictory to "clean"

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                                  "straight" — closed scale (maximally straight), contradictory to "bent"

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                                    "flat" — closed scale (maximally flat), contradictory to "bumpy"

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                                      "open" — closed scale (maximally open), contradictory to "closed"

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                                        "closed" — closed scale, contradictory to "open"

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                                          "shut" — closed scale, contradictory to "open" (near-synonym of "closed")

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                                            "free" — closed scale (maximally free = unattached), contradictory to "stuck"

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                                              "loose" — closed scale (maximally loose), contradictory to "tight"

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                                                "tight" — closed scale (maximally tight), contradictory to "loose"

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                                                  "bent" — closed straightness scale, lower pole ⇒ minimum standard (true with any non-zero bend). Shares the closed .straightness scale with "straight".

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                                                    "smooth" — closed scale, contradictory to "rough"

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                                                      "rough" — closed scale, contradictory to "smooth"

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                                                        "hard" — open scale, contrary to "soft"

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                                                          "soft" — open scale, contrary to "hard"

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                                                            "pure" — closed scale (maximally pure), contradictory to "impure"

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                                                              "dead" — closed scale (absolute: maximal endpoint), contradictory to "alive"

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                                                                "alive" — closed scale (absolute), contradictory to "dead"

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                                                                  "large" — open scale, contrary to "small"

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                                                                    "small" — open scale, contrary to "large"

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                                                                      "gigantic" — open scale, contrary to "tiny", informationally stronger than "large"

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                                                                        "tiny" — open scale, contrary to "gigantic", informationally stronger than "small"

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                                                                          "pristine" — closed scale, contrary to "filthy" (extreme absolute: gap exists)

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                                                                            "filthy" — closed scale, contrary to "pristine" (extreme absolute: gap exists)

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                                                                              "long" — open scale, contrary to "short" (length dimension)

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                                                                                "wide" — open scale, contrary to "narrow"

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                                                                                  "cool" — open scale, contrary to "warm"

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                                                                                    "warm" — open scale, contrary to "cool"

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                                                                                      Physical dimension adjectives #

                                                                                      "heavy" — open scale, contrary to "light"

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                                                                                        "light" — open scale, contrary to "heavy"

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                                                                                          "thick" — open scale, contrary to "thin"

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                                                                                            "thin" — open scale, contrary to "thick"

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                                                                                              "deep" — open scale, contrary to "shallow"

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                                                                                                "shallow" — open scale, contrary to "deep"

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                                                                                                  "strong" — open scale, contrary to "weak"

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                                                                                                    "weak" — open scale, contrary to "strong"

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                                                                                                      "fast" — open scale, contrary to "slow"

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                                                                                                        "slow" — open scale, contrary to "fast"

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                                                                                                          "old" — open scale, contrary to "young"

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                                                                                                            "young" — open scale, contrary to "old"

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                                                                                                              Sensory adjectives #

                                                                                                              "bright" — open scale, contrary to "dark"

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                                                                                                                "dark" — open scale, contrary to "bright"

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                                                                                                                  "loud" — open scale, contrary to "quiet"

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                                                                                                                    "quiet" — open scale, contrary to "loud"

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                                                                                                                      Evaluative adjectives #

                                                                                                                      "good" — open value scale, contrary to "bad". "good" takes a contextual standard and patterns with relative adjectives ([Bel25] §3); on the open .value scale this class is derived (open ⇒ contextual) rather than stipulated, so no standardOverride is needed.

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                                                                                                                        "bad" — value scale, contrary to "good"

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                                                                                                                          "beautiful" — open scale, contrary to "ugly"

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                                                                                                                            "ugly" — open scale, contrary to "beautiful"

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                                                                                                                              "safe" — open scale, contrary to "dangerous"

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                                                                                                                                "dangerous" — open scale, contrary to "safe"

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                                                                                                                                  Physical disturbance deverbal adjectives #

                                                                                                                                  [Tha25]: physical disturbance predicates are associated with a totally closed, multi-point scale. Lower bound = physical instantiation of disturbance; upper bound = spatial extent of host entity. Gradable (more cracked, badly dented), compatible with completely and partially. Contra [RH14] (two-point) and [RW04b] (lower-bounded only).

                                                                                                                                  "cracked" — closed scale, contradictory to "uncracked". Deverbal adjective from crack (Levin 45.1 Break verbs). NOT a two-point scale: accepts more cracked, completely cracked, partially cracked, badly cracked ([Tha25] §2.3–2.4).

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                                                                                                                                    "dented" — closed scale. Deverbal adjective from dent. Accepts more dented, completely dented, badly dented ([Tha25] (11a), (20b)).

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                                                                                                                                      "scratched" — closed scale. Deverbal adjective from scratch. Accepts more scratched, completely scratched, badly scratched ([Tha25] (11b), (20c)).

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                                                                                                                                        "shattered" — closed scale, NON-GRADABLE. Deverbal adjective from shatter (Levin 45.1 Break verbs). Contrast: ??more shattered, punctual verb, no durative reading. Not a physical disturbance predicate ([Tha25] (12c)).

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                                                                                                                                          Mildly positive adjectives (MPAs) #

                                                                                                                                          [Bel25]: MPAs encode a necessity standard — the minimum value required for pursuit. They share properties with both relative (context-sensitive, gradable) and absolute (no zone of indifference, crisp judgments, barely compatible) predicates.

                                                                                                                                          "nice" — open scale, positive evaluative ([Nou24]). Base for M-degree intensifier nicely.

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                                                                                                                                            "pleasant" — open scale, positive evaluative ([Nou24]). Base for M-degree intensifier pleasantly.

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                                                                                                                                              "decent" — a mildly-positive adjective: open .value scale with a functional (necessity) standard ([Bel25]), recorded via standardOverride.

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                                                                                                                                                "acceptable" — mildly-positive adjective; open .value scale, functional standard ([Bel25]). Deverbal -able form: the modal suffix contributes the functional standard.

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                                                                                                                                                  "adequate" — mildly-positive adjective; open .value scale, functional (necessity) standard ([Bel25]).

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                                                                                                                                                    Deadjectival intensifier bases ([Nou24]) #

                                                                                                                                                    Adjectival bases for deadjectival intensifiers. Evaluative adjectives (horrible, wonderful) derive H-degree or M-degree intensifiers via the Goldilocks effect. Mirative (unusual, surprising) and modal (possible, impossible) bases follow Zwicky's generalization.

                                                                                                                                                    "horrible" — open scale, negative evaluative. Base for H-degree horribly.

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                                                                                                                                                      "terrible" — open scale, negative evaluative. Base for H-degree terribly.

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                                                                                                                                                        "awful" — open scale, negative evaluative. Base for H-degree awfully.

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                                                                                                                                                          "dreadful" — open scale, negative evaluative. Base for H-degree dreadfully.

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                                                                                                                                                            "frightening" — open scale, negative evaluative. Base for H-degree frighteningly.

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                                                                                                                                                              "disgusting" — open scale, negative evaluative. Base for H-degree disgustingly.

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                                                                                                                                                                "annoying" — open scale, negative evaluative. Base for H-degree annoyingly.

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                                                                                                                                                                  "unpleasant" — open scale, negative evaluative, contrary to "pleasant".

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                                                                                                                                                                    "scary" — open scale, negative evaluative. Base for H-degree scarily.

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                                                                                                                                                                      "wonderful" — open scale, positive evaluative. Base for M-degree wonderfully.

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                                                                                                                                                                        "delightful" — open scale, positive evaluative. Base for M-degree delightfully.

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                                                                                                                                                                          "gorgeous" — open scale, positive evaluative. Base for M-degree gorgeously.

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                                                                                                                                                                            "unusual" — open scale, neutral (mirative), contrary to "usual".

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                                                                                                                                                                              "surprising" — open scale, neutral (mirative). Base for H-degree surprisingly.

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                                                                                                                                                                                "remarkable" — open scale, positive evaluative (§2.4.1). Extreme positive evaluation: H-degree remarkably despite positive valence (Goldilocks exception).

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                                                                                                                                                                                  "stunning" — open scale, positive evaluative (Figure 2, upper-right quadrant). Extreme positive evaluation: H-degree stunningly (Goldilocks exception).

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                                                                                                                                                                                    "usual" — open scale, neutral (modal), contrary to "unusual".

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                                                                                                                                                                                      "expected" — open scale, neutral (modal). Unattested as intensifier (*expectedly).

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                                                                                                                                                                                        "possible" — open scale, neutral (modal), contradictory to "impossible".

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                                                                                                                                                                                          "impossible" — open scale, neutral (modal), contradictory to "possible".

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                                                                                                                                                                                            All adjectival predicate entries

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                                                                                                                                                                                              Derived Kennedy classification #

                                                                                                                                                                                              The scale shape, positive standard, and Kennedy class are GradableAdjective views derived from each entry's dimension + pole/override — nothing here is a stored field ([Ken07], [KMcN05]). Everything closes by rfl/decide, so the migration off the old stored scaleType is checked.

                                                                                                                                                                                              Every entry above carries a scalar dimension, so all are gradable.