Dutch Adjective Lexicon Fragment

@cite{mcnally-deswart-2011} @cite{broekhuis-keizer-2011}

Dutch adjective entries with morphological alternation: each adjective typically has three lexical forms — uninflected (rood), inflected with -e (rode), and derived nominalisation in -heid (roodheid). A small class of adjectives (forms ending in /ə/, -a, or -en) does not participate in the alternation; this is recorded as inflectionAlternation = false.

The schema records consensus Dutch grammatical metadata — distinctions that any theory of Dutch adjective semantics could consume. Theory- and paper-specific apparatus (the Pasp relational denotation, trope vs kind classification, Chierchia ∩ in het-as-nominaliser) lives in the relevant study files (currently Phenomena/Morphology/Studies/McNallyDeSwart2011.lean).

Inflection alternation

The Dutch adjective takes the suffix -e in:

• definite DPs containing neuter nouns (het groene boek),
• both definite and indefinite DPs containing non-neuter nouns (een/de groene tafel),
• plural DPs.

It appears in its uninflected form only with indefinite singular neuter nouns (een groen boek). Adjectives ending in /ə/ (roze, mauve), -a (lila), or -en (gouden) do not show the alternation.

-heid derivation

The suffix -heid derives a non-neuter noun from an adjective base: rood → roodheid, bitter → bitterheid, dicht → dichtheid. Not all adjectives admit -heid derivation; concrete adjectives (dicht 'closed') admit it less productively than abstract ones.

inductive Fragments.Dutch.Adjectives.Domain : Type

Semantic domain of a Dutch adjective entry. The distinction between abstract and concrete domains tracks the differential availability of the inflected nominalisation construction discussed in @cite{mcnally-deswart-2011} §1: abstract adjectives (vreemd, gezond, leuk) admit it freely, concrete adjectives (dicht) rarely or not at all.

• color : Domain

  Color terms (rood, wit, groen, ...).

• taste : Domain

  Taste terms (bitter, zoet, zuur, zout).

• abstract : Domain

  Abstract evaluative/quality adjectives (vreemd, gezond, leuk).

• concrete : Domain

  Concrete physical-property adjectives (dicht, zwaar).

@[implicit_reducible]

instance Fragments.Dutch.Adjectives.instDecidableEqDomain : DecidableEq Domain

Equations

• Fragments.Dutch.Adjectives.instDecidableEqDomain x✝ y✝ = if h : x✝.ctorIdx = y✝.ctorIdx then isTrue ⋯ else isFalse ⋯

def Fragments.Dutch.Adjectives.instReprDomain.repr : Domain → Nat → Std.Format

Equations

• One or more equations did not get rendered due to their size.

@[implicit_reducible]

instance Fragments.Dutch.Adjectives.instReprDomain : Repr Domain

Equations

• Fragments.Dutch.Adjectives.instReprDomain = { reprPrec := Fragments.Dutch.Adjectives.instReprDomain.repr }

def Fragments.Dutch.Adjectives.instBEqDomain.beq : Domain → Domain → Bool

Equations

• Fragments.Dutch.Adjectives.instBEqDomain.beq x✝ y✝ = (x✝.ctorIdx == y✝.ctorIdx)

@[implicit_reducible]

instance Fragments.Dutch.Adjectives.instBEqDomain : BEq Domain

Equations

• Fragments.Dutch.Adjectives.instBEqDomain = { beq := Fragments.Dutch.Adjectives.instBEqDomain.beq }

structure Fragments.Dutch.Adjectives.AdjEntry : Type

A lexical entry for a Dutch adjective.

Records the three morphological forms and the semantic domain. The inflectionAlternation flag distinguishes the productive alternation pattern (most adjectives) from the small exceptional class that does not show the alternation (forms in /ə/, -a, -en per @cite{mcnally-deswart-2011} §1).

• form : String

  Uninflected form (lemma; also predicative + indef-neuter use).

• formInfl : Option String

  Inflected form with -e suffix; none for the exceptional class.

• nominalHeid : Option String

  Derived nominalisation in -heid; none if no -heid form attested.

• domain : Domain

  Semantic domain.

• inflectionAlternation : Bool

  Whether the adjective shows the +e vs uninflected alternation.

def Fragments.Dutch.Adjectives.instDecidableEqAdjEntry.decEq (x✝ x✝¹ : AdjEntry) : Decidable (x✝ = x✝¹)

Equations

• One or more equations did not get rendered due to their size.

@[implicit_reducible]

instance Fragments.Dutch.Adjectives.instDecidableEqAdjEntry : DecidableEq AdjEntry

Equations

• Fragments.Dutch.Adjectives.instDecidableEqAdjEntry = Fragments.Dutch.Adjectives.instDecidableEqAdjEntry.decEq

def Fragments.Dutch.Adjectives.instReprAdjEntry.repr : AdjEntry → Nat → Std.Format

Equations

• One or more equations did not get rendered due to their size.

@[implicit_reducible]

instance Fragments.Dutch.Adjectives.instReprAdjEntry : Repr AdjEntry

Equations

• Fragments.Dutch.Adjectives.instReprAdjEntry = { reprPrec := Fragments.Dutch.Adjectives.instReprAdjEntry.repr }

def Fragments.Dutch.Adjectives.instBEqAdjEntry.beq : AdjEntry → AdjEntry → Bool

Equations

• One or more equations did not get rendered due to their size.
• Fragments.Dutch.Adjectives.instBEqAdjEntry.beq x✝¹ x✝ = false

@[implicit_reducible]

instance Fragments.Dutch.Adjectives.instBEqAdjEntry : BEq AdjEntry

Equations

• Fragments.Dutch.Adjectives.instBEqAdjEntry = { beq := Fragments.Dutch.Adjectives.instBEqAdjEntry.beq }

Color terms

Examples drawn from @cite{mcnally-deswart-2011} (3), (6), (7) and standard Dutch dictionaries.

def Fragments.Dutch.Adjectives.rood : AdjEntry

rood 'red' (paper §1, §3.1; ex (3)).

Equations

• Fragments.Dutch.Adjectives.rood = { form := "rood", formInfl := some "rode", nominalHeid := some "roodheid", domain := Fragments.Dutch.Adjectives.Domain.color }

def Fragments.Dutch.Adjectives.wit : AdjEntry

wit 'white' (paper §3.1; ex (3b)).

Equations

• Fragments.Dutch.Adjectives.wit = { form := "wit", formInfl := some "witte", nominalHeid := some "witheid", domain := Fragments.Dutch.Adjectives.Domain.color }

def Fragments.Dutch.Adjectives.groen : AdjEntry

groen 'green' (paper §1; ex (1), (2), (3b)).

Equations

• Fragments.Dutch.Adjectives.groen = { form := "groen", formInfl := some "groene", nominalHeid := some "groenheid", domain := Fragments.Dutch.Adjectives.Domain.color }

def Fragments.Dutch.Adjectives.geel : AdjEntry

geel 'yellow' (paper §2.1; ex (6a), (7a)).

Equations

• Fragments.Dutch.Adjectives.geel = { form := "geel", formInfl := some "gele", nominalHeid := some "geelheid", domain := Fragments.Dutch.Adjectives.Domain.color }

def Fragments.Dutch.Adjectives.blauw : AdjEntry

blauw 'blue'.

Equations

• Fragments.Dutch.Adjectives.blauw = { form := "blauw", formInfl := some "blauwe", nominalHeid := some "blauwheid", domain := Fragments.Dutch.Adjectives.Domain.color }

def Fragments.Dutch.Adjectives.zwart : AdjEntry

zwart 'black' (paper §1; cf. Spanish negros in (5b)).

Equations

• Fragments.Dutch.Adjectives.zwart = { form := "zwart", formInfl := some "zwarte", nominalHeid := some "zwartheid", domain := Fragments.Dutch.Adjectives.Domain.color }

Color exceptions to the inflection alternation

Per @cite{mcnally-deswart-2011} §1: forms ending in /ə/ (roze, mauve), -a (lila), or -en (gouden) do not show the +e alternation.

def Fragments.Dutch.Adjectives.roze : AdjEntry

roze 'pink' — exception to inflection alternation (final schwa).

Equations

• Fragments.Dutch.Adjectives.roze = { form := "roze", domain := Fragments.Dutch.Adjectives.Domain.color, inflectionAlternation := false }

def Fragments.Dutch.Adjectives.mauve : AdjEntry

mauve 'mauve' — exception to inflection alternation (final schwa).

Equations

• Fragments.Dutch.Adjectives.mauve = { form := "mauve", domain := Fragments.Dutch.Adjectives.Domain.color, inflectionAlternation := false }

def Fragments.Dutch.Adjectives.lila : AdjEntry

lila 'lilac' — exception to inflection alternation (-a-final).

Equations

• Fragments.Dutch.Adjectives.lila = { form := "lila", domain := Fragments.Dutch.Adjectives.Domain.color, inflectionAlternation := false }

def Fragments.Dutch.Adjectives.gouden : AdjEntry

gouden 'golden' — exception to inflection alternation (-en-final).

Equations

• Fragments.Dutch.Adjectives.gouden = { form := "gouden", domain := Fragments.Dutch.Adjectives.Domain.color, inflectionAlternation := false }

Taste terms

Examples from @cite{mcnally-deswart-2011} (4), (7c).

def Fragments.Dutch.Adjectives.bitter : AdjEntry

bitter 'bitter' (paper §1, §3.1; ex (4)).

Equations

• Fragments.Dutch.Adjectives.bitter = { form := "bitter", formInfl := some "bittere", nominalHeid := some "bitterheid", domain := Fragments.Dutch.Adjectives.Domain.taste }

def Fragments.Dutch.Adjectives.zoet : AdjEntry

zoet 'sweet' (paper §3.1; ex (4b)).

Equations

• Fragments.Dutch.Adjectives.zoet = { form := "zoet", formInfl := some "zoete", nominalHeid := some "zoetheid", domain := Fragments.Dutch.Adjectives.Domain.taste }

def Fragments.Dutch.Adjectives.zuur : AdjEntry

zuur 'sour' (paper §3.1; ex (4a) for the lemma, (13c) for the inflected zure).

Equations

• Fragments.Dutch.Adjectives.zuur = { form := "zuur", formInfl := some "zure", nominalHeid := some "zuurheid", domain := Fragments.Dutch.Adjectives.Domain.taste }

def Fragments.Dutch.Adjectives.zout : AdjEntry

zout 'salty/salt' (paper §3.1; ex (4a)).

Equations

• Fragments.Dutch.Adjectives.zout = { form := "zout", formInfl := some "zoute", nominalHeid := some "zoutheid", domain := Fragments.Dutch.Adjectives.Domain.taste }

Abstract and concrete contrasts

@cite{mcnally-deswart-2011} §1 notes the inflected-nominalised use is frequent with abstract adjectives but rare with concrete ones.

def Fragments.Dutch.Adjectives.vreemd : AdjEntry

vreemd 'strange' — abstract; freely takes inflected nominalisation.

Equations

• Fragments.Dutch.Adjectives.vreemd = { form := "vreemd", formInfl := some "vreemde", nominalHeid := some "vreemdheid", domain := Fragments.Dutch.Adjectives.Domain.abstract }

def Fragments.Dutch.Adjectives.gezond : AdjEntry

gezond 'healthy' — abstract; cited in (§3.4) for het gezonde van X.

Equations

• Fragments.Dutch.Adjectives.gezond = { form := "gezond", formInfl := some "gezonde", nominalHeid := some "gezondheid", domain := Fragments.Dutch.Adjectives.Domain.abstract }

def Fragments.Dutch.Adjectives.leuk : AdjEntry

leuk 'nice/fun' — abstract (§3.4).

Equations

• Fragments.Dutch.Adjectives.leuk = { form := "leuk", formInfl := some "leuke", nominalHeid := some "leukheid", domain := Fragments.Dutch.Adjectives.Domain.abstract }

def Fragments.Dutch.Adjectives.bijzonder : AdjEntry

bijzonder 'special' — abstract (§3.4).

Equations

• Fragments.Dutch.Adjectives.bijzonder = { form := "bijzonder", formInfl := some "bijzondere", nominalHeid := some "bijzonderheid", domain := Fragments.Dutch.Adjectives.Domain.abstract }

def Fragments.Dutch.Adjectives.dicht : AdjEntry

dicht 'closed' — concrete; nominalised inflected use marginal/odd (paper §1: ?*het dichte van deze doos).

Equations

• Fragments.Dutch.Adjectives.dicht = { form := "dicht", formInfl := some "dichte", nominalHeid := some "dichtheid", domain := Fragments.Dutch.Adjectives.Domain.concrete }

Bundles

def Fragments.Dutch.Adjectives.colorAdjectives : List AdjEntry

All Dutch color adjectives in this fragment, including exceptions.

Equations

• One or more equations did not get rendered due to their size.

def Fragments.Dutch.Adjectives.colorAdjectivesAlternating : List AdjEntry

Color adjectives that participate in the +e alternation.

Equations

• One or more equations did not get rendered due to their size.

def Fragments.Dutch.Adjectives.tasteAdjectives : List AdjEntry

All Dutch taste adjectives in this fragment.

Equations

• Fragments.Dutch.Adjectives.tasteAdjectives = [Fragments.Dutch.Adjectives.bitter, Fragments.Dutch.Adjectives.zoet, Fragments.Dutch.Adjectives.zuur, Fragments.Dutch.Adjectives.zout]

def Fragments.Dutch.Adjectives.abstractAdjectives : List AdjEntry

Abstract adjectives illustrated in @cite{mcnally-deswart-2011}.

Equations

• Fragments.Dutch.Adjectives.abstractAdjectives = [Fragments.Dutch.Adjectives.vreemd, Fragments.Dutch.Adjectives.gezond, Fragments.Dutch.Adjectives.leuk, Fragments.Dutch.Adjectives.bijzonder]

def Fragments.Dutch.Adjectives.all : List AdjEntry

All Dutch adjectives in this fragment.

Equations

• One or more equations did not get rendered due to their size.