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Linglib.Fragments.Arabic.ModernStandard.Phonology

Modern Standard Arabic phonology #

The 28 consonants of Modern Standard Arabic ([Ryd05]) as Consonant, with the labial place class Consonant.IsLabial consumed by the OCP-Place co-occurrence literature. phonemeInventory binds the canonical PHOIBLE doculect ([MMcC19] ID 2157, an urban composite of Safad, Beirut, Damascus, and Kuwait), which confirms the consensus values /dʒ/ (ج) and /ðˤ/ (ظ) — corpus-transcription traditions write these as g and zˤ — and differs from the classical inventory only in dialect-phonetic detail (aspiration marks, an emphatic lateral).

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def Arabic.ModernStandard.phonemeInventory :
Data.PHOIBLE.Inventory

The canonical PHOIBLE inventory for ISO arb ([MMcC19] ID 2157).

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    inductive Arabic.ModernStandard.Consonant :
    Type

    The 28 consonants of Modern Standard Arabic ([Ryd05]), IPA with Emph for the emphatic (superscript ˁ) series.

    • b : Consonant

      /b/ — voiced labial stop.

    • f : Consonant

      /f/ — voiceless labial fricative.

    • m : Consonant

      /m/ — labial nasal.

    • t : Consonant

      /t/ — voiceless coronal stop.

    • d : Consonant

      /d/ — voiced coronal stop.

    • tEmph : Consonant

      /tˁ/ — emphatic voiceless coronal stop.

    • dEmph : Consonant

      /dˁ/ — emphatic voiced coronal stop.

    • theta : Consonant

      /θ/ — voiceless coronal fricative.

    • edh : Consonant

      /ð/ — voiced coronal fricative.

    • edhEmph : Consonant

      /ðˁ/ (ظ) — emphatic voiced coronal fricative; [zˁ] in many varieties and romanizations.

    • s : Consonant

      /s/ — voiceless coronal sibilant.

    • z : Consonant

      /z/ — voiced coronal sibilant.

    • sEmph : Consonant

      /sˁ/ — emphatic voiceless coronal sibilant.

    • esh : Consonant

      /ʃ/ — voiceless palatoalveolar sibilant.

    • jim : Consonant

      /dʒ/ (ج) — voiced palatoalveolar affricate; regionally [ʒ] ~ [ɡ].

    • k : Consonant

      /k/ — voiceless dorsal stop.

    • q : Consonant

      /q/ — uvular stop.

    • chi : Consonant

      /χ/ — voiceless uvular fricative.

    • gamma : Consonant

      /ʁ/ — voiced uvular fricative.

    • hbar : Consonant

      /ħ/ — voiceless pharyngeal fricative.

    • ayin : Consonant

      /ʕ/ — voiced pharyngeal fricative.

    • h : Consonant

      /h/ — voiceless laryngeal fricative.

    • glottal : Consonant

      /ʔ/ — laryngeal stop.

    • l : Consonant

      /l/ — coronal lateral.

    • r : Consonant

      /r/ — coronal rhotic.

    • n : Consonant

      /n/ — coronal nasal.

    • w : Consonant

      /w/ — labial-velar glide.

    • j : Consonant

      /j/ — palatal glide.

    Instances For
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      @[instance_reducible]
      instance Arabic.ModernStandard.instDecidableEqConsonant :
      DecidableEq Consonant
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      def Arabic.ModernStandard.Consonant.IsLabial (x : Consonant) :
      Prop

      The labial place class {b, f, m, w}.

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        @[instance_reducible]
        instance Arabic.ModernStandard.instDecidablePredConsonantIsLabial :
        DecidablePred Consonant.IsLabial
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