Documentation

Linglib.Fragments.Akan.Phonology

Akan Phonological Inventory (Palatalization-Relevant Segments) #

@cite{mccarthy-prince-1995} @cite{schachter-fromkin-1968}

Segment inventory for the Akan velar–palatal alternation and its interaction with reduplication (§5.1 of @cite{mccarthy-prince-1995}).

Akan palatalization: velars become corono-dorsal complex segments (palatals) before front vowels. The segments defined here are the minimal inventory needed to ground the OT analysis:

The feature specifications follow @cite{hayes-2009} for manner and laryngeal features, and the corono-dorsal complex analysis of Akan palatals from @cite{mccarthy-prince-1995} (citing Keating 1987, Clements 1976, Hume 1992).

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def Fragments.Akan.Phonology.seg_k :
Phonology.Segment

/k/: voiceless velar stop — [+dorsal, −coronal]. The underlying segment in stems like /ka/ 'bite'.

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    def Fragments.Akan.Phonology.seg_tc :
    Phonology.Segment

    /tɕ/: voiceless palatal affricate — [+coronal, +dorsal, +del.rel.]. The palatalized output of /k/ before front vowels. Corono-dorsal complex segment per Keating 1987 (cited in @cite{mccarthy-prince-1995}): palatalization spreads [+coronal, −anterior] from the front vowel while preserving [+dorsal].

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      def Fragments.Akan.Phonology.seg_a :
      Phonology.Segment

      /a/: low vowel — [−front, +back]. Does not trigger palatalization.

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        def Fragments.Akan.Phonology.seg_i :
        Phonology.Segment

        /ɪ/: high front vowel — [+front, −back, +high]. Triggers palatalization of preceding velars. The [+front] feature (combined with [+coronal] in Hume 1992's analysis of front vowels) is the trigger for PAL.

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          theorem Fragments.Akan.Phonology.k_minus_coronal :
          seg_k.HasValue Phonology.Feature.coronal false = (true = true)

          /k/ is [−coronal] — the target of palatalization.

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          theorem Fragments.Akan.Phonology.tc_plus_coronal :
          seg_tc.HasValue Phonology.Feature.coronal true = (true = true)

          /tɕ/ is [+coronal] — the output of palatalization.

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          theorem Fragments.Akan.Phonology.k_plus_dorsal :
          seg_k.HasValue Phonology.Feature.dorsal true = (true = true)

          /k/ is [+dorsal].

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          theorem Fragments.Akan.Phonology.tc_plus_dorsal :
          seg_tc.HasValue Phonology.Feature.dorsal true = (true = true)

          /tɕ/ is [+dorsal] — corono-dorsal complex segment.

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          theorem Fragments.Akan.Phonology.i_plus_front :
          seg_i.HasValue Phonology.Feature.front true = (true = true)

          /ɪ/ is [+front] — the trigger for palatalization.

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          theorem Fragments.Akan.Phonology.a_minus_front :
          seg_a.HasValue Phonology.Feature.front false = (true = true)

          /a/ is [−front] — does not trigger palatalization.

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          theorem Fragments.Akan.Phonology.palatalization_is_coronal_change :
          seg_k.HasValue Phonology.Feature.coronal false = (true = true) ∧ seg_tc.HasValue Phonology.Feature.coronal true = (true = true)

          Palatalization is a [coronal] feature change: /k/ is [−cor], /tɕ/ is [+cor]. The OT constraints IDENT-IO(−cor) and IDENT-BR(−cor) penalize exactly this feature difference.

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          theorem Fragments.Akan.Phonology.ocp_targets_palatalized :
          seg_tc.HasValue Phonology.Feature.coronal true = (true = true) ∧ seg_k.HasValue Phonology.Feature.coronal true = (false = true)

          OCP(+cor) targets segments that are [+coronal]. /tɕ/ violates OCP when adjacent to another [+coronal] segment. /k/ does not.