Adyghe Clausal Embedding Inventory

[CP11a]

Adyghe (Northwest Caucasian, ISO 639-3 ady) inventory of complement-taking predicates. [CP11a]'s central descriptive result: Adyghe has no embedded declaratives or embedded polar interrogatives — every tensed notional complement is a relative construction inside a DP ((96) vs (98)), while a smaller class of volitional and aspectual predicates takes infinitival/converbal TPs (their §8). The construction imposes no presuppositional restriction (their §6.5) — pace the relative fact-clause characterization they cite from Gerasimov & Lander.

Factivity values are textbook consensus for the predicate concepts — [CP11a] run no per-predicate projection tests; their only factivity-relevant claim is the construction-level one above. Forms follow the paper's transliteration (ʷ marks labialization, ʼ ejectives, ə schwa).

Predicate schema

inductive Adyghe.Clause.HighApplicative : Type

Status of the high applicative re- on a predicate's notional-complement verb ([CP11a] §6.3): re- is the only applicative confined to relative constructions, occurs outermost in the applicative field, and — always adjacent to the relativizer ze- — distinguishes proposition-denoting embeddings from ordinary relatives.

• required : HighApplicative

  Every attested notional complement carries ze-re-.

• readingConditioned : HighApplicative

  Attested with and without re-, tracking the polar-question vs constituent-question reading ((99) vs (69)), not free variation.

• notApplicable : HighApplicative

  The predicate takes an infinitival/converbal TP, not a relative clause — the volitional/aspectual class of their §8.

@[instance_reducible]

instance Adyghe.Clause.instDecidableEqHighApplicative : DecidableEq HighApplicative

Equations

• Adyghe.Clause.instDecidableEqHighApplicative x✝ y✝ = if h : x✝.ctorIdx = y✝.ctorIdx then isTrue ⋯ else isFalse ⋯

@[instance_reducible]

instance Adyghe.Clause.instReprHighApplicative : Repr HighApplicative

Equations

• Adyghe.Clause.instReprHighApplicative = { reprPrec := Adyghe.Clause.instReprHighApplicative.repr }

def Adyghe.Clause.instReprHighApplicative.repr : HighApplicative → ℕ → Std.Format

Equations

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inductive Adyghe.Clause.ComplementCase : Type

Case suffix on the complement DP's right edge: absolutive -r vs oblique -m, "which depends on the different case assigning properties of the respective main predicate" ((98) vs (99)). Caveat ([CP11a] §2.2.3): Adyghe has an extensive middle class taking absolutive subject + oblique object, so this split may reduce to matrix valence.

• abs : ComplementCase
• obl : ComplementCase

@[instance_reducible]

instance Adyghe.Clause.instDecidableEqComplementCase : DecidableEq ComplementCase

Equations

• Adyghe.Clause.instDecidableEqComplementCase x✝ y✝ = if h : x✝.ctorIdx = y✝.ctorIdx then isTrue ⋯ else isFalse ⋯

def Adyghe.Clause.instReprComplementCase.repr : ComplementCase → ℕ → Std.Format

Equations

• One or more equations did not get rendered due to their size.

@[instance_reducible]

instance Adyghe.Clause.instReprComplementCase : Repr ComplementCase

Equations

• Adyghe.Clause.instReprComplementCase = { reprPrec := Adyghe.Clause.instReprComplementCase.repr }

structure Adyghe.Clause.AdygheEmbedder : Type

An Adyghe complement-taking predicate.

• ctpClass: [Noo07] category; none where unclear.
• factive: textbook consensus for the predicate concept (see module docstring — not a [CP11a] claim).
• highApplicative, complementCase: the morphological observables.

• form : String
• gloss : String
• ctpClass : Option CTPClass
• factive : Option Bool
• highApplicative : HighApplicative
• complementCase : Option ComplementCase

@[instance_reducible]

instance Adyghe.Clause.instDecidableEqAdygheEmbedder : DecidableEq AdygheEmbedder

Equations

• Adyghe.Clause.instDecidableEqAdygheEmbedder = Adyghe.Clause.instDecidableEqAdygheEmbedder.decEq

def Adyghe.Clause.instDecidableEqAdygheEmbedder.decEq (x✝ x✝¹ : AdygheEmbedder) : Decidable (x✝ = x✝¹)

Equations

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def Adyghe.Clause.instReprAdygheEmbedder.repr : AdygheEmbedder → ℕ → Std.Format

Equations

• One or more equations did not get rendered due to their size.

@[instance_reducible]

instance Adyghe.Clause.instReprAdygheEmbedder : Repr AdygheEmbedder

Equations

• Adyghe.Clause.instReprAdygheEmbedder = { reprPrec := Adyghe.Clause.instReprAdygheEmbedder.repr }

Relative-strategy predicates

Tensed notional complements: a DP-wrapped relative clause whose verb carries ze-re-.

def Adyghe.Clause.gwepshesa : AdygheEmbedder

gʷəpšəsa 'think'. The bare finite complement is ungrammatical ((96)); the relative-construction complement is fine ((98)); plain DP objects attested ((102)). [CP11a] §6.2.

Equations

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def Adyghe.Clause.chewepcha : AdygheEmbedder

qəč'ewəpč'a 'ask'. Constituent-question complements carry the relativizer without re- ((69)); polar complements carry ze-re- ((99)); direct embedding of a matrix interrogative is out ((97)). Plain DP objects attested ((103)). [CP11a] §§5, 6.2.

Equations

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def Adyghe.Clause.she : AdygheEmbedder

ŝe (also jeŝe) 'know'. One ze-re- complement is ambiguous between declarative and interrogative readings ((101)); the complement is a strong island ((104)–(106)). [CP11a] §6.2.

Equations

• One or more equations did not get rendered due to their size.

def Adyghe.Clause.gwereqwe : AdygheEmbedder

gʷərəʔʷe 'understand'. Its ze-re- complement is truth-conditionally equivalent with and without an overt nominal head — qeba 'news', ŝəpqə 'verity' ((108)–(110)) — the paper's argument for a silent N in the shell. [CP11a] §6.3.

Equations

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def Adyghe.Clause.qwa : AdygheEmbedder

ʔʷa 'say', with a ze-re- complement in §3.1's footnote example (ii). [CP11a].

Equations

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Infinitival-strategy predicates

The volitional and aspectual class takes infinitival/converbal TPs, not relative clauses ([CP11a] §8, citing Polinsky & Potsdam).

def Adyghe.Clause.raqezha : AdygheEmbedder

raʔežʼa 'begin' — aspectual, infinitival TP complement (-new infinitive, (54); the star on (54) targets the possessive marker, not the complement). [CP11a] §2.3, §8.

Equations

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Inventories

def Adyghe.Clause.allEmbedders : List AdygheEmbedder

The complement-taking predicates with quotable per-predicate data in [CP11a].

Equations

• Adyghe.Clause.allEmbedders = [Adyghe.Clause.gwepshesa, Adyghe.Clause.chewepcha, Adyghe.Clause.she, Adyghe.Clause.gwereqwe, Adyghe.Clause.qwa, Adyghe.Clause.raqezha]

def Adyghe.Clause.relativeTakers : List AdygheEmbedder

The predicates whose tensed complements use the relative strategy.

Equations

• Adyghe.Clause.relativeTakers = List.filter (fun (x : Adyghe.Clause.AdygheEmbedder) => x.highApplicative != Adyghe.Clause.HighApplicative.notApplicable) Adyghe.Clause.allEmbedders

theorem Adyghe.Clause.relativeTakers_membership : relativeTakers = [gwepshesa, chewepcha, she, gwereqwe, qwa]

Drift sentry: the relative-strategy predicates are exactly the five tensed-complement-takers.

theorem Adyghe.Clause.relative_strategy_factivity_blind : (∃ (v : AdygheEmbedder), v ∈ relativeTakers ∧ v.factive = some true) ∧ ∃ (v : AdygheEmbedder), v ∈ relativeTakers ∧ v.factive = some false

The relative strategy is factivity-blind: it is required both for consensus-factive 'know'/'understand' and consensus-non-factive 'think'/'say' ([CP11a] §6.5: the construction has no presuppositional restriction).