Abkhaz evidentiality #
Abkhaz has a two-choice system of Aikhenvald's type A2: a dedicated non-firsthand affix, neutral to tense (-zaap' with present, aorist, perfect and one future; -zaarən with imperfect, past indefinite, pluperfect and one future conditional), covers inference from visible results and verbal report and is restricted to declarative main clauses, while the unmarked forms leave the source unspecified. Turkish's non-firsthand is broader, taking in non-visual perception as well.
References #
The non-firsthand -zaap' ~ -zaarən is one term with two tense-conditioned allomorphs, cited by the first.
Equations
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