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Linglib.Data.Experiments.SableMeyerMascarenhas2022

SableMeyerMascarenhas2022: experimental results (generated) #

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A norming study and two inference-endorsement experiments on indirect illusory inferences from disjunction. The norming study rated the strength of the causal link in conditionals of three kinds: the crucial dependence from the hint d to the conjunct a, and the control dependences a-to-b and d-to-b; item 0 was removed after the control block showed an effect driven by it. Experiment 1 presented problems of the form (a and b) or c; d, therefore b; Experiment 2 moved the causal step to the conclusion: (b and d) or c; b, therefore a. Acceptance of the fallacy is regressed on the normed strength of the d-to-a link; coefficients, control rates and the binomial model are recorded as printed.

Raw data #

References #

The three studies.

  • norming : Study

    Norming study: strength ratings of the causal conditionals

  • experimentOne : Study

    Experiment 1: indirect illusory inferences, hint step

  • experimentTwo : Study

    Experiment 2: indirect illusory inferences, conclusion step

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      The three normed causal links of the norming study (8).

      • hintToConjunct : Dependence

        d to a: the crucial link from the hint to the first conjunct

      • conjunctToConjunct : Dependence

        a to b: control: from the first to the second conjunct

      • hintToConclusion : Dependence

        d to b: control: from the hint to the concluded conjunct

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          How a p-value is printed.

          • below : Bound

            <: an upper bound

          • exact : Bound

            =: an exact value

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              The terms of the binomial model of Table 2.

              • intercept : Term

                Intercept:

              • normedStrength : Term

                Normed d to a: the centered normed strength of the crucial link

              • errorOnControls : Term

                % Error on Controls: the centered error rate on controls

              • interaction : Term

                Interaction: their interaction

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                  The two inference tasks.

                  • experimentOne : Experiment

                    Experiment 1: hint step

                  • experimentTwo : Experiment

                    Experiment 2: conclusion step

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                      The eight d-to-a item sets of (9).

                      • item0 : Item

                        0: fertilizer put on the plants, plants grew quickly

                      • item1 : Item

                        1: brake depressed, car slowed down

                      • item2 : Item

                        2: Mary jumped into the pool, Mary got wet

                      • item3 : Item

                        3: trigger pulled, gun fired

                      • item4 : Item

                        4: Larry grasped the glass, fingerprints on the glass

                      • item5 : Item

                        5: gong struck, gong sounded

                      • item6 : Item

                        6: John studied hard, did well on the test

                      • item7 : Item

                        7: apples ripe, fell from the tree

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                          Whether an item set was kept for the inference tasks.

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                              The comparisons the target acceptance was tested against.

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                                  The outcome of the norming ANOVA for a block.

                                  • noEffect : AnovaOutcome

                                    no effect: no significant effect of the materials at the .05 level

                                  • effect : AnovaOutcome

                                    effect: a significant effect at the .05 level

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                                      Whether a model term is reported significant.

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                                          Acceptance of the classical illusory inference from disjunction, about 85% across studies. (§1, p. 568; checked against the PDF text layer only.)

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                                            Conditional sentences rated in the norming study, three blocks of eight. (§3.1.2, p. 573; checked against the PDF text layer only.)

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                                              Item sets kept for the inference tasks after item 0 was removed. (§3.2.1, p. 576; checked against the PDF text layer only.)

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                                                Indirect illusory inference trials, interleaved with three valid and three invalid controls. (§3.1.2, p. 575; checked against the PDF text layer only.)

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                                                  Valid modus ponens controls. (§3.1.2, p. 575; checked against the PDF text layer only.)

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                                                    Invalid controls denying the antecedent. (§3.1.2, p. 575; checked against the PDF text layer only.)

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                                                      Individuals recruited across the three studies. (§3.1.1, p. 573; checked against the PDF text layer only.)

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                                                        Norming participants in the first batch, halted over a reward-wording error. (§3.1.1, p. 574; checked against the PDF text layer only.)

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                                                          Norming participants reporting back in the second batch of 160. (§3.1.1, p. 574; checked against the PDF text layer only.)

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                                                            Experiment 1 participants excluded for having taken the norming study. (§3.1.1, p. 574; checked against the PDF text layer only.)

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                                                              Experiment 2 participants excluded for an earlier related experiment. (§4.1, p. 579; checked against the PDF text layer only.)

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                                                                Points of the causal-strength rating scale. (§3.1.2, p. 574; checked against the PDF text layer only.)

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                                                                  Item sets normed, of which seven were kept. (§3.2.1, p. 576; checked against the PDF text layer only.)

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                                                                    The acceptance the Experiment 1 model predicts in the matching limit P(a given d) = 1: intercept plus slope. (§5, p. 581; checked against the PDF text layer only.)

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                                                                      A row of Table 1, p. 574: the participant breakdown of Table 1.

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                                                                        def SableMeyerMascarenhas2022.instDecidableEqParticipants.decEq (x✝ x✝¹ : Participants) :
                                                                        Decidable (x✝ = x✝¹)
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                                                                            The cells of Table 1, p. 574, by study; checked against the PDF text layer only.

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                                                                              A row of §3.2.2, p. 576; §4.2, p. 579: mean acceptance of the valid and invalid controls, with standard errors.

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                                                                                def SableMeyerMascarenhas2022.instDecidableEqControlRate.decEq (x✝ x✝¹ : ControlRate) :
                                                                                Decidable (x✝ = x✝¹)
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                                                                                    The cells of §3.2.2, p. 576; §4.2, p. 579, by experiment; checked against the PDF text layer only.

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                                                                                      A row of §3.2.2, p. 577; §4.2, p. 580: the per-item regression of fallacy acceptance on the normed strength of the d-to-a link.

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                                                                                        def SableMeyerMascarenhas2022.instDecidableEqRegression.decEq (x✝ x✝¹ : Regression) :
                                                                                        Decidable (x✝ = x✝¹)
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                                                                                            The cells of §3.2.2, p. 577; §4.2, p. 580, by experiment; checked against the PDF text layer only.

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                                                                                              A row of Table 2, p. 578: the binomial model of Table 2: acceptance as a function of the normed d-to-a strength, the error rate on controls, and their interaction (centered predictors).

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                                                                                                def SableMeyerMascarenhas2022.instDecidableEqBinomialTerm.decEq (x✝ x✝¹ : BinomialTerm) :
                                                                                                Decidable (x✝ = x✝¹)
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                                                                                                    The cells of Table 2, p. 578, by term; checked against the PDF text layer only.

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                                                                                                      A row of (9) and §3.2.1, pp. 575-576: the eight item sets and whether they survived the norming analysis.

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                                                                                                        def SableMeyerMascarenhas2022.instDecidableEqItemRow.decEq (x✝ x✝¹ : ItemRow) :
                                                                                                        Decidable (x✝ = x✝¹)
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                                                                                                            A row of §3.2.1, p. 576: the norming ANOVA outcome per control block; the crucial block was not tested.

                                                                                                            • anova : Option AnovaOutcome

                                                                                                              The ANOVA outcome, when one was run.

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                                                                                                              def SableMeyerMascarenhas2022.instDecidableEqNormingBlock.decEq (x✝ x✝¹ : NormingBlock) :
                                                                                                              Decidable (x✝ = x✝¹)
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                                                                                                                  A row of §3.2.2, p. 577; §4.2, p. 580: the t-tests of target acceptance against chance and the controls.

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                                                                                                                        The cells of §3.2.2, p. 577; §4.2, p. 580, by experiment and comparison; checked against the PDF text layer only.

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                                                                                                                          A row of §4.2, p. 580: the Experiment 2 binomial model, reported qualitatively: only the crucial rating is significant.

                                                                                                                          • significance : Option Significance

                                                                                                                            As reported; the intercept is not discussed.

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