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Linglib.Data.Experiments.BadeEtAl2022

BadeEtAl2022: experimental results (generated) #

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One inference-endorsement experiment crossing modal (epistemic might vs deontic allowed to, within subjects) with the structure of the reasoning problem (canonical, flat, reversed, between subjects) and the order of the conjuncts (within subjects). Participants judged whether the conclusion follows from the premises; targets had the illusory-inference form modal(a and b), a therefore b. Generalized linear mixed-effects contrasts are reported as printed, with Holm-corrected p-values; the qualitative verdict column is the paper's prose reading of each contrast.

References #

The modal of the target items; deontic is the models' reference level.

  • deontic : Modal

    Deontic: was allowed to

  • epistemic : Modal

    Epistemic: might have

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    def BadeEtAl2022.instReprModal.repr :
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      The structure of the reasoning problem (12).

      • canonical : Structure

        Canonical: modal(a and b); a, therefore b

      • flat : Structure

        Flat: a and modal(a and b), therefore b: one sentence, no question-answer dynamic

      • reversed : Structure

        Reversed: a; modal(a and b), therefore b

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          Which conjunct of premise 1 appears in premise 2.

          • left : Order

            Left: left conjunct in premise 2, right in the conclusion

          • right : Order

            Right: right conjunct in premise 2, left in the conclusion

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            def BadeEtAl2022.instReprOrder.repr :
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              The pairwise comparisons of Tables 1-4; the first member is named first.

              • canonicalVsBaseline : Contrast

                Canon. vs. no-base.: canonical targets against no-baselines

              • canonicalVsReversed : Contrast

                Canon. vs. rev.: canonical against reversed targets

              • canonicalVsFlat : Contrast

                Canon. vs. flat: canonical against flat targets

              • flatVsBaseline : Contrast

                Flat vs. no-baseline: flat targets against no-baselines

              • reversedVsBaseline : Contrast

                Reversed vs. no-baseline: reversed targets against no-baselines

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                  The paper's prose reading of a contrast: whether the first member drew more yes-responses.

                  • higher : Verdict

                    higher: significantly more yes-responses

                  • marginallyHigher : Verdict

                    marginally higher: only marginally significant

                  • noDifference : Verdict

                    no difference: no significant difference

                  • lower : Verdict

                    lower: significantly fewer yes-responses

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                      How a p-value is printed.

                      • below : Bound

                        <: an upper bound

                      • exact : Bound

                        =: an exact value

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                          The alternative-generating item of an illusory-inference paradigm.

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                              The anatomy of illusory inferences from alternatives (section 3.2).

                              • fallacy : Criterion

                                A Fallacy: more fallacious conclusions than for invalid controls

                              • orderOfPremises : Criterion

                                B Order of premises: fewer fallacious conclusions with reverse order

                              • dynamics : Criterion

                                C Dynamics: no fallacious conclusions without dynamics

                              • rate : Criterion

                                D Rate: rate reflects the available mechanisms

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                                  The paper's verdict on a criterion for a generator.

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                                      The contrasts Mascarenhas and Picat (2019) report, as this paper summarizes them (11).

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                                          Participants recruited via Prolific. (§2.3.1, p. 2:13; checked against the PDF text layer only.)

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                                            Participants excluded (14.2%). (§2.3.1, p. 2:13; checked against the PDF text layer only.)

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                                              Participants analyzed. (§2.3.1, p. 2:13; checked against the PDF text layer only.)

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                                                Items per within-subjects condition. (§2.3.1, p. 2:12; checked against the PDF text layer only.)

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                                                  Critical items, distributed over four lists per structure group. (§2.3.1, p. 2:13; checked against the PDF text layer only.)

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                                                    Control items: valid and invalid modus ponens and disjunctive syllogism. (§2.3.1, p. 2:13; checked against the PDF text layer only.)

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                                                      Baseline items: conjunction elimination, for the error-rate baseline. (§2.3.1, p. 2:13; checked against the PDF text layer only.)

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                                                        Reasoning problems each participant solved. (§2.3.1, p. 2:13; checked against the PDF text layer only.)

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                                                          Sub-experiments participants were randomly assigned to. (§2.3.1, p. 2:13; checked against the PDF text layer only.)

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                                                            Log-likelihood-ratio chi-square for the structure-by-modal interaction, df 2. (§2.3.2, p. 2:14; checked against the PDF text layer only.)

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                                                              Log-likelihood-ratio chi-square for the modal-by-order-by-structure interaction, df 6. (§2.3.2, fn. 9, p. 2:17; checked against the PDF text layer only.)

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                                                                Lower bound of the acceptance rate of illusory inferences from disjunction. (§1.1, p. 2:3; checked against the PDF text layer only.)

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                                                                  Upper bound of the acceptance rate of illusory inferences from disjunction. (§1.1, p. 2:3; checked against the PDF text layer only.)

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                                                                    Acceptance rate of illusory inferences with indefinites (Mascarenhas and Koralus 2017). (§1.3, p. 2:5; checked against the PDF text layer only.)

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                                                                      About half the participants drew the fallacious deontic conclusion. (§3.1, p. 2:20; checked against the PDF text layer only.)

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                                                                        The drop in acceptance, in percentage points, under reversed premise order for disjunctions and indefinites. (§3.2, p. 2:21; checked against the PDF text layer only.)

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                                                                          A row of Tables 1-4, pp. 2:14-2:17; verdicts §2.3.2-§2.4, pp. 2:13-2:18: a mixed-effects contrast of Tables 1-4, with the paper's prose verdict.

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                                                                            def BadeEtAl2022.instDecidableEqContrast10.decEq (x✝ x✝¹ : Contrast10) :
                                                                            Decidable (x✝ = x✝¹)
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                                                                                The cells of Tables 1-4, pp. 2:14-2:17; verdicts §2.3.2-§2.4, pp. 2:13-2:18, by modal and contrast; checked against the PDF text layer only.

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                                                                                  A row of Table 5, p. 2:17; §2.3.2, p. 2:17: the epistemic-against-deontic contrast within each structure (Table 5); epistemic is named first.

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                                                                                    def BadeEtAl2022.instDecidableEqModalContrast.decEq (x✝ x✝¹ : ModalContrast) :
                                                                                    Decidable (x✝ = x✝¹)
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                                                                                        The cells of Table 5, p. 2:17; §2.3.2, p. 2:17, by structure; checked against the PDF text layer only.

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                                                                                          A row of §2.1, p. 2:10: the findings of Mascarenhas and Picat (2019) as this paper reports them.

                                                                                          • verdict : Verdict

                                                                                            The reported outcome.

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                                                                                            def BadeEtAl2022.instDecidableEqPriorFinding.decEq (x✝ x✝¹ : PriorFinding) :
                                                                                            Decidable (x✝ = x✝¹)
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                                                                                                A row of §3.2, pp. 2:21-2:22: the paper's verdict on each anatomy criterion for each alternative generator.

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                                                                                                  def BadeEtAl2022.instDecidableEqAnatomyRow.decEq (x✝ x✝¹ : AnatomyRow) :
                                                                                                  Decidable (x✝ = x✝¹)
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                                                                                                      The cells of §3.2, pp. 2:21-2:22, by generator and criterion; checked against the PDF text layer only.

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