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Linglib.Data.Experiments.AugurzkyEtAl2023

AugurzkyEtAl2023: experimental results (generated) #

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Two web-based picture-sentence verification experiments with a plural definite bound by a quantifier, 'Every boy opened his presents' against 'No boy opened his presents' (Experiment 1) and against 'Not every boy opened his presents' (Experiment 2). Each picture shows four boys with nine presents each, opened ones coloured and closed ones grey. CONTEXT, a family rule that the presents be opened before the neighbours arrive (UNIVERSAL) or not before the grandparents arrive (EXISTENTIAL), is between subjects and is reinforced by a secondary task asking whether the rule was respected; TRUTH VALUE (true, false, mixed) and POLARITY (every against the negative quantifier) are within subjects. Participants rated how well the sentence described the picture on a five-point scale from 'completely false' to 'completely true'. The mixed conditions are analysed by cumulative logistic mixed-effects models with CONTEXT sum-coded and POLARITY treatment-coded with the negative quantifier as baseline, and random by-subject intercepts and slopes; CONTEXT is reported recoded as Lax (EXISTENTIAL for every, UNIVERSAL for the negative quantifier) or Strict. The paper reports the tests of the effects, not the cell means, which appear only in Figures 3 and 5.

References #

The experiment.

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      The quantifier binding the plural definite, the positive or negative level of POLARITY.

      • every : Quantifier

        every: 'Every boy opened his presents'

      • no : Quantifier

        no: 'No boy opened his presents'

      • notEvery : Quantifier

        not every: 'Not every boy opened his presents'

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          The factor CONTEXT: what the family rule makes relevant.

          • existential : Context

            EXISTENTIAL: wait for the grandparents before opening any presents, which raises whether any presents were opened

          • universal : Context

            UNIVERSAL: open the presents before the neighbours arrive, which raises whether all presents were opened

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              The factor TRUTH VALUE of a picture for a sentence.

              • trueControl : Truth

                true: the sentence is true on every reading

              • falseControl : Truth

                false: the sentence is false on every reading

              • mixed : Truth

                mixed: the sentence is true on a non-maximal reading only

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                def AugurzkyEtAl2023.instReprTruth.repr :
                Truth → ℕ → Std.Format
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                  The conditions a model was fitted to.

                  • mixed : Model

                    mixed: the mixed conditions

                  • controls : Model

                    controls: the true and false conditions

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                    def AugurzkyEtAl2023.instReprModel.repr :
                    Model → ℕ → Std.Format
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                      The term of a model that a test is of.

                      • context : Effect

                        CONTEXT: the main effect of CONTEXT

                      • polarity : Effect

                        POLARITY: the main effect of POLARITY

                      • interaction : Effect

                        CONTEXT × POLARITY: the interaction of CONTEXT and POLARITY

                      • contextTerms : Effect

                        CONTEXT and its interactions: the joint effect of CONTEXT and its interactions

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                        def AugurzkyEtAl2023.instReprEffect.repr :
                        Effect → ℕ → Std.Format
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                          How a p-value is printed.

                          • below : Bound

                            <: as an upper bound

                          • exact : Bound

                            =: as a value

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                            def AugurzkyEtAl2023.instReprBound.repr :
                            Bound → ℕ → Std.Format
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                              The boys in a picture. (§3.1.1; checked against the page images.)

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                                The presents of each boy. (§3.1.1; checked against the page images.)

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                                  The points of the rating scale. (§3; checked against the PDF text layer only.)

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                                    The lists the items of each experiment were spread over. (§3.1.1, §3.2.1; checked against the PDF text layer only.)

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                                      The mean accuracy in Experiment 1 on the true and false conditions, in percent. (§3.1.2; checked against the page images.)

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                                        A row of §3.1.1, §3.2.1: the participants of an experiment, recruited from Prolific Academic, and those excluded for an error rate of at least 25% on the controls.

                                        • recruited : ℕ

                                          The native speakers of English recruited.

                                        • excluded : ℕ

                                          The participants excluded.

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                                          def AugurzkyEtAl2023.instDecidableEqParticipants.decEq (x✝ x✝¹ : Participants) :
                                          Decidable (x✝ = x✝¹)
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                                              The cells of §3.1.1, §3.2.1, by experiment; checked against the PDF text layer only.

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                                                A row of Figures 1 and 4: the example picture the figure gives for a condition: how many of his nine presents each boy opened, in the figure's order of the boys.

                                                • experiment : Experiment

                                                  The experiment.

                                                • quantifier : Quantifier

                                                  The quantifier of the sentence.

                                                • truth : Truth

                                                  The truth value of the picture for the sentence.

                                                • opened : List ℕ

                                                  The presents each boy opened.

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                                                  def AugurzkyEtAl2023.instDecidableEqPicture.decEq (x✝ x✝¹ : Picture) :
                                                  Decidable (x✝ = x✝¹)
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                                                      The 12 rows of Figures 1 and 4, in the paper's order; checked against the page images.

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                                                        A row of §3.1.2, §3.2.2: a χ² test of a term of a cumulative logistic mixed-effects model.

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                                                          def AugurzkyEtAl2023.instDecidableEqTest.decEq (x✝ x✝¹ : Test) :
                                                          Decidable (x✝ = x✝¹)
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                                                            def AugurzkyEtAl2023.instReprTest.repr :
                                                            Test → ℕ → Std.Format
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                                                              The 7 rows of §3.1.2, §3.2.2, in the paper's order; checked against the page images.

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