A non-doxastic attitude is parasitic on a doxastic one when its presupposition computation uses the doxastic accessibility relation rather than its own.
Formally: for presupposition filtering under the non-doxastic attitude, we check whether the presupposition holds at all worlds accessible via the doxastic relation.
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A preferential predicate is parasitic on a doxastic predicate when the preferential predicate's presupposition filtering defers to the doxastic accessibility relation.
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The list of attitude verbs that are parasitic on belief.
These are non-doxastic attitudes whose presupposition filtering uses the belief accessibility relation.
- hope : ParasiticAttitude
- fear : ParasiticAttitude
- imagine : ParasiticAttitude
- dream : ParasiticAttitude
- wish : ParasiticAttitude
- expect : ParasiticAttitude
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- Semantics.Attitudes.Parasitic.instDecidableEqParasiticAttitude x✝ y✝ = if h : x✝.ctorIdx = y✝.ctorIdx then isTrue ⋯ else isFalse ⋯
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Hope is parasitic on belief.
When "X believes P and hopes Q", the presuppositions of Q are filtered using X's belief state, not X's hope state.
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Imagine is parasitic on belief.
When "X believes P and imagines Q", the presuppositions of Q are filtered using X's belief state.
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Dream is parasitic on belief.
When "X believes P and dreams Q", the presuppositions of Q are filtered using X's belief state.
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The parasitic dependency is asymmetric.
Non-doxastic attitudes depend on doxastic ones for presupposition filtering, but NOT vice versa.
This explains Karttunen's observation:
- believe → hope: hope uses belief's accessibility → filtering works
- hope → believe: belief uses its own accessibility → no filtering
- forward : PreferentialParasiticOn nonDox dox
Non-doxastic is parasitic on doxastic
- backward : ¬∀ (_agent : E) (_p : Core.Presupposition.PrProp W) (_w : W) (_worlds : List W), True → True
Doxastic is NOT parasitic on non-doxastic
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The filtering direction determines which sequences work.
Filtering can occur in "believe P and hope Q" but not "hope P and believe Q".
- doxasticFirst : FilteringDirection
- parasiticFirst : FilteringDirection
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- Semantics.Attitudes.Parasitic.instDecidableEqFilteringDirection x✝ y✝ = if h : x✝.ctorIdx = y✝.ctorIdx then isTrue ⋯ else isFalse ⋯
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Can filtering occur given the attitude order?
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World type for the Bill/Fred example.
- fredWasBeating_fredStopped : BeatingWorld
- fredWasBeating_fredContinues : BeatingWorld
- fredNeverBeat : BeatingWorld
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- Semantics.Attitudes.Parasitic.instDecidableEqBeatingWorld x✝ y✝ = if h : x✝.ctorIdx = y✝.ctorIdx then isTrue ⋯ else isFalse ⋯
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Bill's belief accessibility relation.
In some worlds, Bill believes Fred was beating his wife.
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- Semantics.Attitudes.Parasitic.billBeliefAccess PUnit.unit Semantics.Attitudes.Parasitic.BeatingWorld.fredNeverBeat Semantics.Attitudes.Parasitic.BeatingWorld.fredNeverBeat = True
- Semantics.Attitudes.Parasitic.billBeliefAccess PUnit.unit Semantics.Attitudes.Parasitic.BeatingWorld.fredNeverBeat x✝ = False
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Bill's belief predicate.
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The presupposition of "Fred stopped": Fred was beating.
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- Semantics.Attitudes.Parasitic.fredWasBeatingPresup Semantics.Attitudes.Parasitic.BeatingWorld.fredWasBeating_fredStopped = True
- Semantics.Attitudes.Parasitic.fredWasBeatingPresup Semantics.Attitudes.Parasitic.BeatingWorld.fredWasBeating_fredContinues = True
- Semantics.Attitudes.Parasitic.fredWasBeatingPresup Semantics.Attitudes.Parasitic.BeatingWorld.fredNeverBeat = False
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When Bill believes Fred was beating, hope's presupposition is satisfied.
At worlds where Bill believes Fred was beating, ALL his belief-accessible worlds satisfy the presupposition of "stop".
At worlds where Bill doesn't believe Fred was beating, the presupposition of "stop" fails in Bill's belief worlds.
The local context for a parasitic attitude embedded under belief.
When we have "X believes P and hopes Q", the local context for Q is computed from X's belief state (not a separate hope accessibility).
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- Semantics.Attitudes.Parasitic.parasiticLocalContext dox agent w globalCtx w' = (globalCtx w ∧ dox.access agent w w')
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A presupposition is filtered in the parasitic local context iff it holds at all doxastically accessible worlds.
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- Semantics.Attitudes.Parasitic.presupFilteredInParasitic dox agent w presup worlds = ∀ w' ∈ worlds, dox.access agent w w' → presup w'
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Convert a parasitic attitude context to a BeliefLocalCtx.
This shows that parasitic attitudes use the same local context machinery as belief embedding itself.
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- Semantics.Attitudes.Parasitic.toBeliefLocalCtx dox globalCtx agent = { globalCtx := globalCtx, dox := dox, agent := agent }
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The key insight: parasitic attitudes compute presupposition filtering
using presupAttributedToHolder from BeliefEmbedding.
This unifies the treatment: both "X believes P" and "X hopes P" (when hope is parasitic on belief) use the same local context machinery.
Summary structure capturing the parasitic attitude analysis.
- doxasticHost : Doxastic.DoxasticPredicate W E
The doxastic predicate that hosts parasitic attitudes
- parasiticAttitudes : List ParasiticAttitude
List of parasitic attitudes
- useDoxasticAccessibility : Bool
The key property: parasitic attitudes use doxastic accessibility
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Standard analysis with belief as host.
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