Documentation

Linglib.Studies.HalleVauxWolfe2000

Halle, Vaux, and Wolfe (2000): On Feature Spreading and the Representation of Place of Articulation #

This file formalizes the feature tree of [halle-vaux-wolfe-2000]'s Revised Articulator Theory. The paper reviews the four innovations proposed since [clements-1985], Unified Feature Theory, Vowel-Place Theory, Strict Locality, and Partial Spreading, records that no consensus exists on which to adopt (section 1.1), and keeps only Partial Spreading. Its tree (1) groups the features of the six articulators under the nodes Lips, Tongue Blade, Tongue Body, Soft Palate, Tongue Root, and Larynx, with Place over the three oral articulators, Guttural over tongue root and larynx, and the articulator-free features [continuant], [strident], [lateral], and [suction] beside the root features [consonantal] and [sonorant] at the root, Node and node, an instance of Phonology.FeatureGeometry over Hayes's inventory; so an articulator-free feature lies in the root's class and no other, articulatorFree_mem_naturalClass_iff, Soft Palate is not under Place, nasal_notMem_place, and Place is exactly the three oral articulators, place_eq_union. Designated articulators are unary terminal features rather than nodes (section 1.2.2), so the labiovelar [k͡p] carries both [labial] and [dorsal] while the labialised [kʷ] carries [dorsal] beside [+round], (4), kp and kw, and only the first is a complex segment, isComplex_kp and not_isComplex_kw. Spreading operates on terminal features (section 1.2.3), so a rule may spread any subset of a node's features and the tree only names the natural sets: Irish Nasal Place Assimilation spreads the Place class and so carries each oral articulator's class while leaving the sister Soft Palate alone, placeAssimilation_eqOn_tongueBody and placeAssimilation_nasal, and Dorsal Assimilation (44) spreads the terminal [dorsal] alone, leaving the target's [back] untouched, dorsalAssimilation_back, where spreading the Tongue Body node would carry it, tongueBody_spread_back, the refuted prediction (45) of a Place-node analysis (section 2.2.4). The Irish forms are the rows of Data.Examples.HalleVauxWolfe2000.

Implementation notes #

Features of Hayes's inventory absent from (1) are placed by the paper's own articulator-bound or free criterion (section 1.2): [approximant], [delayed release], [tap], [trill], and [syllabic] are articulator-free and go to the root, [labiodental] to Lips, [front] to Tongue Body, and [voice], executed by the larynx, to Larynx; [tense] is left unplaced, since the paper's tongue-root features are [ATR] and [RTR] and Hayes's [tense] is not identified with them. [suction], [rhinal], [ATR], [RTR], [radical], [stiff vocal folds], [slack vocal folds], and [glottal] have no counterpart in the inventory, so Tongue Root dominates nothing here.

TODO #

References #

Tree (1) #

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inductive HalleVauxWolfe2000.Node :
Type

The nodes of tree (1): the root; Place over Lips, Tongue Blade and Tongue Body; Soft Palate; Guttural over Tongue Root and Larynx.

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    @[instance_reducible]
    instance HalleVauxWolfe2000.instDecidableEqNode :
    DecidableEq Node
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    @[instance_reducible]
    instance HalleVauxWolfe2000.instReprNode :
    Repr Node
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    def HalleVauxWolfe2000.instReprNode.repr :
    Node → ℕ → Std.Format
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      @[instance_reducible]
      instance HalleVauxWolfe2000.instFintypeNode :
      Fintype Node
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      def HalleVauxWolfe2000.Node.parent :
      Node → Option Node

      The node immediately dominating each node; the root alone has none.

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        def HalleVauxWolfe2000.Node.up (n : Node) :
        Finset Node

        A node and its ancestors; the tree has depth two.

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          @[instance_reducible]
          instance HalleVauxWolfe2000.Node.instPartialOrder :
          PartialOrder Node
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          @[instance_reducible]
          instance HalleVauxWolfe2000.Node.instDecidableLE :
          DecidableLE Node
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          @[instance_reducible]
          instance HalleVauxWolfe2000.Node.instOrderBot :
          OrderBot Node
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          def HalleVauxWolfe2000.node :
          Phonology.Feature → Option Node

          The terminal features of (1), read over Hayes's inventory (see the module docstring for the features the paper does not list).

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            @[instance_reducible]
            instance HalleVauxWolfe2000.instFeatureGeometryFeatureNode :
            Phonology.FeatureGeometry Phonology.Feature Node
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            Articulator-free features and Place #

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            theorem HalleVauxWolfe2000.articulatorFree_mem_naturalClass_iff (f : Phonology.Feature) :
            f ∈ {Phonology.Feature.consonantal, Phonology.Feature.sonorant, Phonology.Feature.continuant, Phonology.Feature.strident, Phonology.Feature.lateral} → ∀ (a : Node), f ∈ Phonology.FeatureGeometry.naturalClass a ↔ a = ⊥

            The articulator-free features and the root features belong to the root's class alone: no articulator node dominates them.

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            theorem HalleVauxWolfe2000.nasal_notMem_place :
            Phonology.Feature.nasal ∉ Phonology.FeatureGeometry.naturalClass Node.place

            Soft Palate is a sister of Place, not under it.

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            theorem HalleVauxWolfe2000.place_eq_union :
            Phonology.FeatureGeometry.naturalClass Node.place = Phonology.FeatureGeometry.naturalClass Node.lips ∪ Phonology.FeatureGeometry.naturalClass Node.tongueBlade ∪ Phonology.FeatureGeometry.naturalClass Node.tongueBody

            Place dominates exactly the three oral articulators.

            Designated articulators (p. 435) #

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            def HalleVauxWolfe2000.kp :
            Phonology.Segment

            The labiovelar stop: [dorsal, labial, +consonantal, −sonorant, −round, −continuant].

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              def HalleVauxWolfe2000.kw :
              Phonology.Segment

              The labialised velar stop: [dorsal, +consonantal, −sonorant, +round, −continuant], with no specification for [labial].

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                theorem HalleVauxWolfe2000.isComplex_kp :
                kp.IsComplex
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                theorem HalleVauxWolfe2000.not_isComplex_kw :
                ¬kw.IsComplex

                Terminal spreading, sections 1.2.3 and 2.2.4 #

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                def HalleVauxWolfe2000.placeAssimilation (src tgt : Phonology.Segment) :
                Phonology.Segment

                Irish Nasal Place Assimilation spreads the terminal features under Place from src onto tgt, the substrate's Finset.piecewise on the Place class.

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                  theorem HalleVauxWolfe2000.placeAssimilation_eqOn_tongueBody (src tgt : Phonology.Segment) :
                  Set.EqOn (placeAssimilation src tgt) src ↑(Phonology.FeatureGeometry.naturalClass Node.tongueBody)

                  Spreading Place carries the whole Tongue Body class, eqOn_piecewise_of_le; in the same way the Lips and Tongue Blade classes.

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                  theorem HalleVauxWolfe2000.placeAssimilation_nasal (src tgt : Phonology.Segment) :
                  placeAssimilation src tgt Phonology.Feature.nasal = tgt Phonology.Feature.nasal

                  Soft Palate is a sister of Place, so Place assimilation leaves [nasal] where it was: the assimilated nasal is still a nasal, eqOn_piecewise_of_not_le.

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                  def HalleVauxWolfe2000.dorsalAssimilation (src tgt : Phonology.Segment) :
                  Phonology.Segment

                  Irish Dorsal Assimilation (44) spreads the designated articulator alone: the terminal feature [dorsal], not the Tongue Body node.

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                    theorem HalleVauxWolfe2000.dorsalAssimilation_back (src tgt : Phonology.Segment) :
                    dorsalAssimilation src tgt Phonology.Feature.back = tgt Phonology.Feature.back

                    (44): spreading the terminal [dorsal] leaves the target's secondary articulation, its [back] value, untouched, which is how the palatalised nasal of (44a) keeps its palatalisation and the plain nasal of (44b) stays plain.

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                    theorem HalleVauxWolfe2000.tongueBody_spread_back (src tgt : Phonology.Segment) :
                    (Phonology.FeatureGeometry.naturalClass Node.tongueBody).piecewise src tgt Phonology.Feature.back = src Phonology.Feature.back

                    (45): spreading the Tongue Body node instead would carry [back] along with [dorsal], the prediction of a Place-node analysis of (44) that the data refute.