Documentation

Linglib.Studies.Anderson2006a

Anderson 2006: auxiliary verb constructions #

An auxiliary verb construction pairs an auxiliary with a lexical verb that stays the semantic head, and languages differ in which element hosts the inflection: the auxiliary (English have eaten), the lexical verb (Pipil weli ni-nehnemi), both with the same categories (Gorum), the two dividing the categories (Jakaltek, absolutive on the auxiliary and ergative on the lexical verb), or dividing them with some doubled (Hemba, Doyayo, Pipil). The five macro-patterns are distinguished by the inflectional head alone, and across the split/doubled languages the doubled category is overwhelmingly the subject. Negative auxiliaries head constructions of every pattern: aux-headed in Udihe, split in Kokota, lex-headed in Kwerba, doubled in 'Iipay. Doyayo, filed as lex-headed although its auxiliary partially encodes subject person through tone, comes out split by the inflectional-head criterion.

Main definitions #

References #

Where the inflection is marked #

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structure Anderson2006a.InflectionalMarking :
Type

Which inflectional categories each element of an auxiliary verb construction carries.

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    def Anderson2006a.instDecidableEqInflectionalMarking.decEq (x✝ x✝¹ : InflectionalMarking) :
    Decidable (x✝ = x✝¹)
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      @[instance_reducible]
      instance Anderson2006a.instDecidableEqInflectionalMarking :
      DecidableEq InflectionalMarking
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      def Anderson2006a.InflectionalMarking.pattern (m : InflectionalMarking) :
      AuxiliaryVerbs.InflectionPattern

      The inflectional head fixes the macro-pattern (13): only the auxiliary marked, only the lexical verb, both with the same categories, the two disjoint, or overlapping.

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        def Anderson2006a.InflectionalMarking.doubled (m : InflectionalMarking) :
        Finset Morphology.MorphCategory

        The categories doubled on both elements.

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          The book's examples #

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          def Anderson2006a.MorphCategory.ofString? :
          String → Option Morphology.MorphCategory

          The category names used in the example rows; Gorum's affectedness is outside the inventory.

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            def Anderson2006a.categories (r : Data.Examples.LinguisticExample) (key : String) :
            Finset Morphology.MorphCategory

            The categories a row lists under a feature key.

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              def Anderson2006a.InflectionalMarking.ofRow? (r : Data.Examples.LinguisticExample) :
              Option InflectionalMarking

              The inflectional marking a row records, when it records one.

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                def Anderson2006a.InflectionPattern.ofString? :
                String → Option AuxiliaryVerbs.InflectionPattern
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                  theorem Anderson2006a.rows_pattern (r : Data.Examples.LinguisticExample) :
                  r ∈ Examples.all → r.feature? "aux_marking" = none → ∀ m ∈ (InflectionalMarking.ofRow? r).toList, ∀ p ∈ ((r.feature? "infl_pattern").bind InflectionPattern.ofString?).toList, m.pattern = p

                  The book's pattern label for each example is what (13) reads off its marking — except where the auxiliary's marking is only partial.

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                  theorem Anderson2006a.doyayo_split (m : InflectionalMarking) :
                  m ∈ (InflectionalMarking.ofRow? Examples.doyayo_lexheaded).toList → m.pattern = AuxiliaryVerbs.InflectionPattern.split

                  Doyayo (15a): the auxiliary partially encodes subject person through tone while the lexical verb carries tense, which (13) classifies as split; the book files it under lex-headed.

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                  theorem Anderson2006a.all_patterns_attested (p : AuxiliaryVerbs.InflectionPattern) :
                  ∃ r ∈ Examples.all, ∃ m ∈ (InflectionalMarking.ofRow? r).toList, m.pattern = p

                  Every one of the five patterns is instantiated by some example's marking.

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                  theorem Anderson2006a.splitDoubled_doubles_subject (r : Data.Examples.LinguisticExample) :
                  r ∈ Examples.all → ∀ m ∈ (InflectionalMarking.ofRow? r).toList, m.pattern = AuxiliaryVerbs.InflectionPattern.splitDoubled → m.doubled = {Morphology.MorphCategory.agreement Agreement.Controller.subj}

                  Chapter 5: in split/doubled patterns the doubled category is overwhelmingly the subject — every split/doubled example doubles subject agreement and nothing else.

                  Negative auxiliaries #

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                  theorem Anderson2006a.negative_auxiliary_patterns :
                  (∃ r ∈ Examples.all, r.feature? "strategy" = some "negVerb" ∧ (r.feature? "infl_pattern").bind InflectionPattern.ofString? = Syntax.Negation.Strategy.negVerb.expectedInflectionPattern) ∧ ∃ r ∈ Examples.all, r.feature? "strategy" = some "negVerb" ∧ (r.feature? "infl_pattern").bind InflectionPattern.ofString? = some AuxiliaryVerbs.InflectionPattern.lexHeaded

                  Negative auxiliaries head constructions of more than one pattern (§1.7.2): Udihe (49) is aux-headed, as Strategy.expectedInflectionPattern expects of a verbal negator, and Kwerba (52) is lex-headed, so that expectation is a tendency rather than a law.