Yoruba Relativization Fragment

@cite{awobuluyi-1978} @cite{keenan-comrie-1979} @cite{ajiboye-2005}

Yoruba forms relative clauses with the introducer tí (high tone — distinct from the toneless preverbal anteriority particle ti and the locative-source preposition ti). Strategy varies by Accessibility-Hierarchy position: subject and genitive use pronoun retention, direct object and most obliques use gap.

@cite{awobuluyi-1978} §6.18-6.24 is the descriptive primary source (also the work WALS F122A cites for Yoruba's .pronounRetention value). @cite{keenan-comrie-1979} pp. 349-350 provides the K&C 1977 Table 1 codification in exemplified form, with an analytical argument that the SU-position pronoun ó is verb agreement rather than a true resumptive (a position the descriptive Fragment doesn't commit to). K&C 1977 Table 1 p. 79 codes Yoruba as two strategies: postnom -case (SU+DO) and postnom +case (GEN); IO/OBL/OComp coded as * (does-not-exist-as-such, recast as DO via serial verb).

@cite{awobuluyi-1978} §6.24 explicitly rejects the traditional relative-pronoun analysis of tí, treating it as an "introducer" (≈ complementizer in modern terms). @cite{ajiboye-2005} §1.2.2 reaffirms a C-head analysis (in his case for the M-tone ti found within genitive DPs, analyzed as a reduced relative).

@cite{awobuluyi-1978} §3.15 additionally shows that genitive-meaning constructions without overt tí (e.g. owó Dàda "Dada's money") are derived from relative-clause sources (owó tí Dàda ní "the money that Dada has"), so the genitive relativization channel is widely available.

Data from @cite{awobuluyi-1978} §6.18–6.24, §3.15 + @cite{keenan-comrie-1979} ex. 125–128.

def Fragments.Yoruba.relTiSubject : Core.RelClauseMarker

§6.19: Subject relativization. The relativized subject is replaced by the high-tone third-person singular pronoun ó. E.g. Ọkùnrin tí ó pè mí 'the man who called me'. bearsCaseMarking := false per @cite{keenan-comrie-1979}'s analysis of ó as verb agreement (K&C 1977 Table 1 p. 79 codes Yoruba's SU-strategy as -case).

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def Fragments.Yoruba.relTiObject : Core.RelClauseMarker

§6.20: Direct object relativization. The relativized object is dropped completely (gap strategy). E.g. Ọkùnrin tí mo rí 'the man I saw'.

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def Fragments.Yoruba.relTiOblique : Core.RelClauseMarker

§6.21–6.22: Oblique relativization. Awobuluyi splits this into two sub-cases: the prepositions fi, ti, bá, fún, sí drop their object completely (gap, §6.21); the preposition ní triggers complex restructuring (drop + repositioning, with tí insertion for place nouns and exceptions for wà/gbé, §6.22). The single-cell RelClauseMarker.npRel cannot encode the split, so we record the dominant pattern (gap) and document the ní case in notes. E.g. Ọbẹ tí mo fi gé e 'the knife I cut it with'.

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def Fragments.Yoruba.relTiGenitive : Core.RelClauseMarker

§6.23: Genitive relativization. The relativized genitive qualifier is replaced by rẹ̀ (singular) or wọn (plural) — pronoun retention. E.g. Ọmọ tí olè jí ìwé rẹ̀ 'the child whose books were stolen'; Àwọn tí olè jí ìwé wọn 'those whose books were stolen'. bearsCaseMarking := true per K&C 1977 Table 1 p. 79 (Strategy 2: postnom, +case, GEN=+). The genitive-form pronouns rẹ̀/wọn are morphologically distinct from subject ó and object i/un/ó, so per Awobuluyi §2.21's polymorphic-noun classification they encode their case role lexically.

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def Fragments.Yoruba.relMarkers : List Core.RelClauseMarker

All Yoruba relative clause markers, anchored to @cite{awobuluyi-1978} §6.19–6.23 + @cite{keenan-comrie-1979} ex. 125–128. All four share the introducer tí (high tone, §6.18).

Equations

• Fragments.Yoruba.relMarkers = [Fragments.Yoruba.relTiSubject, Fragments.Yoruba.relTiObject, Fragments.Yoruba.relTiOblique, Fragments.Yoruba.relTiGenitive]

def Fragments.Yoruba.relativization : Typology.Relativization.RelativizationProfile

Yoruba relativization profile (typological summary).

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