Swahili noun classes

This file defines the noun classes of Swahili, the genders that pair a singular class with its plural, and the subject prefixes of the verb. A class is one of the Bantu classes in the traditional numbering. A noun of a class carries its prefix, ki-kapu 'basket' in class 7 and vi-kapu 'baskets' in class 8, and controls its agreement, the prefix ki- or vi- on the adjective, the numeral and the verb. A controller gender is the pair of classes a noun takes its agreements from, and Corbett's outline of the gender forms, after Welmers, gives the noun prefixes and the verbal agreements of each. A verb agrees with its subject by a prefix, the class prefix for a nominal subject and a person prefix for a speech-act participant.

Main definitions

• Swahili.NounClass, NounClass.subjPrefix: the classes and the subject prefix of each
• Swahili.Gender, Gender.singularClass, Gender.pluralClass, Gender.class: the five genders as pairs of classes
• Swahili.subjectPrefix: the subject prefixes of the person cells, the third person those of classes 1 and 2

Main results

• Swahili.Gender.faithful_subjPrefix: subject agreement distinguishes the five genders

Implementation notes

• The numbering is Scott's, after Carstens, with the u- class as 14 and no class 11; Corbett and Welmers number that class 11 and pair it with class 10 as a gender of its own, and count the infinitive class 15 as a gender with no plural. Neither is among the five genders here, which are Scott's genders A to E.
• The class prefixes are the typical forms of Corbett's table: m- before a consonant and mw- before a vowel in classes 1 and 3, ji- or nothing in class 5, and a nasal that assimilates to the stem in classes 9 and 10.

TODO

• The second person plural prefix m- is not attested in the sources opened.

References

• G. G. Corbett, Gender (1991)
• B. Heine, Possession: Cognitive Sources, Forces, and Grammaticalization (1997)
• T. Scott, Two Types of Resumptive Pronouns in Swahili (2021)
• L. Stassen, Predicative Possession (2009)

Classes

inductive Swahili.NounClass : Type

A noun class in the Bantu numbering.

• cl1 : NounClass

  m-, mw-: mtu 'person', mwalimu 'teacher'.

• cl2 : NounClass

  wa-: watu 'people'.

• cl3 : NounClass

  m-, mw-: mti 'tree'.

• cl4 : NounClass

  mi-: miti 'trees'.

• cl5 : NounClass

  ji-, often unprefixed: joka 'giant snake'.

• cl6 : NounClass

  ma-: maji 'water'.

• cl7 : NounClass

  ki-: kikapu 'basket'.

• cl8 : NounClass

  vi-: vikapu 'baskets'.

• cl9 : NounClass

  A nasal: nyoka 'snake', nyumba 'house'.

• cl10 : NounClass

  A nasal: nyumba 'houses'.

• cl14 : NounClass

  u-, the class Corbett and Welmers number 11 and pair with class 10.

• cl15 : NounClass

  ku-, the infinitive class: ku-la 'to eat'.

• cl16 : NounClass

  pa-, a locative class: pa-na watu wengi 'there are many people'.

• cl17 : NounClass

  ku-, a locative class: ku-na chakula 'there is food'.

• cl18 : NounClass

  mu-, a locative class, with the connective mw-a of uvungu-ni mw-a kiti 'under a chair'.

@[instance_reducible]

instance Swahili.instDecidableEqNounClass : DecidableEq NounClass

Equations

• Swahili.instDecidableEqNounClass x✝ y✝ = if h : x✝.ctorIdx = y✝.ctorIdx then isTrue ⋯ else isFalse ⋯

@[instance_reducible]

instance Swahili.instReprNounClass : Repr NounClass

Equations

• Swahili.instReprNounClass = { reprPrec := Swahili.instReprNounClass.repr }

def Swahili.instReprNounClass.repr : NounClass → ℕ → Std.Format

Equations

• Swahili.instReprNounClass.repr Swahili.NounClass.cl1 prec✝ = Repr.addAppParen (Std.Format.nest (if prec✝ ≥ 1024 then 1 else 2) (Std.Format.text "Swahili.NounClass.cl1")).group prec✝
• Swahili.instReprNounClass.repr Swahili.NounClass.cl2 prec✝ = Repr.addAppParen (Std.Format.nest (if prec✝ ≥ 1024 then 1 else 2) (Std.Format.text "Swahili.NounClass.cl2")).group prec✝
• Swahili.instReprNounClass.repr Swahili.NounClass.cl3 prec✝ = Repr.addAppParen (Std.Format.nest (if prec✝ ≥ 1024 then 1 else 2) (Std.Format.text "Swahili.NounClass.cl3")).group prec✝
• Swahili.instReprNounClass.repr Swahili.NounClass.cl4 prec✝ = Repr.addAppParen (Std.Format.nest (if prec✝ ≥ 1024 then 1 else 2) (Std.Format.text "Swahili.NounClass.cl4")).group prec✝
• Swahili.instReprNounClass.repr Swahili.NounClass.cl5 prec✝ = Repr.addAppParen (Std.Format.nest (if prec✝ ≥ 1024 then 1 else 2) (Std.Format.text "Swahili.NounClass.cl5")).group prec✝
• Swahili.instReprNounClass.repr Swahili.NounClass.cl6 prec✝ = Repr.addAppParen (Std.Format.nest (if prec✝ ≥ 1024 then 1 else 2) (Std.Format.text "Swahili.NounClass.cl6")).group prec✝
• Swahili.instReprNounClass.repr Swahili.NounClass.cl7 prec✝ = Repr.addAppParen (Std.Format.nest (if prec✝ ≥ 1024 then 1 else 2) (Std.Format.text "Swahili.NounClass.cl7")).group prec✝
• Swahili.instReprNounClass.repr Swahili.NounClass.cl8 prec✝ = Repr.addAppParen (Std.Format.nest (if prec✝ ≥ 1024 then 1 else 2) (Std.Format.text "Swahili.NounClass.cl8")).group prec✝
• Swahili.instReprNounClass.repr Swahili.NounClass.cl9 prec✝ = Repr.addAppParen (Std.Format.nest (if prec✝ ≥ 1024 then 1 else 2) (Std.Format.text "Swahili.NounClass.cl9")).group prec✝
• Swahili.instReprNounClass.repr Swahili.NounClass.cl10 prec✝ = Repr.addAppParen (Std.Format.nest (if prec✝ ≥ 1024 then 1 else 2) (Std.Format.text "Swahili.NounClass.cl10")).group prec✝
• Swahili.instReprNounClass.repr Swahili.NounClass.cl14 prec✝ = Repr.addAppParen (Std.Format.nest (if prec✝ ≥ 1024 then 1 else 2) (Std.Format.text "Swahili.NounClass.cl14")).group prec✝
• Swahili.instReprNounClass.repr Swahili.NounClass.cl15 prec✝ = Repr.addAppParen (Std.Format.nest (if prec✝ ≥ 1024 then 1 else 2) (Std.Format.text "Swahili.NounClass.cl15")).group prec✝
• Swahili.instReprNounClass.repr Swahili.NounClass.cl16 prec✝ = Repr.addAppParen (Std.Format.nest (if prec✝ ≥ 1024 then 1 else 2) (Std.Format.text "Swahili.NounClass.cl16")).group prec✝
• Swahili.instReprNounClass.repr Swahili.NounClass.cl17 prec✝ = Repr.addAppParen (Std.Format.nest (if prec✝ ≥ 1024 then 1 else 2) (Std.Format.text "Swahili.NounClass.cl17")).group prec✝
• Swahili.instReprNounClass.repr Swahili.NounClass.cl18 prec✝ = Repr.addAppParen (Std.Format.nest (if prec✝ ≥ 1024 then 1 else 2) (Std.Format.text "Swahili.NounClass.cl18")).group prec✝

@[instance_reducible]

instance Swahili.instFintypeNounClass : Fintype NounClass

Equations

• Swahili.instFintypeNounClass = { elems := { val := ↑Swahili.NounClass.enumList, nodup := Swahili.NounClass.enumList_nodup }, complete := Swahili.instFintypeNounClass._proof_1 }

def Swahili.NounClass.subjPrefix : NounClass → Morphology.Morph

The subject prefix of the class on the verb.

Equations

• Swahili.NounClass.cl1.subjPrefix = Morphology.Morph.pref "a"
• Swahili.NounClass.cl2.subjPrefix = Morphology.Morph.pref "wa"
• Swahili.NounClass.cl3.subjPrefix = Morphology.Morph.pref "u"
• Swahili.NounClass.cl4.subjPrefix = Morphology.Morph.pref "i"
• Swahili.NounClass.cl5.subjPrefix = Morphology.Morph.pref "li"
• Swahili.NounClass.cl6.subjPrefix = Morphology.Morph.pref "ya"
• Swahili.NounClass.cl7.subjPrefix = Morphology.Morph.pref "ki"
• Swahili.NounClass.cl8.subjPrefix = Morphology.Morph.pref "vi"
• Swahili.NounClass.cl9.subjPrefix = Morphology.Morph.pref "i"
• Swahili.NounClass.cl10.subjPrefix = Morphology.Morph.pref "zi"
• Swahili.NounClass.cl14.subjPrefix = Morphology.Morph.pref "u"
• Swahili.NounClass.cl15.subjPrefix = Morphology.Morph.pref "ku"
• Swahili.NounClass.cl16.subjPrefix = Morphology.Morph.pref "pa"
• Swahili.NounClass.cl17.subjPrefix = Morphology.Morph.pref "ku"
• Swahili.NounClass.cl18.subjPrefix = Morphology.Morph.pref "mu"

Genders

inductive Swahili.Gender : Type

A controller gender pairs a singular class with its plural, in Scott's lettering.

• genderA : Gender

  Classes 1/2, the animates.

• genderB : Gender

  Classes 3/4.

• genderC : Gender

  Classes 5/6.

• genderD : Gender

  Classes 7/8.

• genderE : Gender

  Classes 9/10.

@[instance_reducible]

instance Swahili.instDecidableEqGender : DecidableEq Gender

Equations

• Swahili.instDecidableEqGender x✝ y✝ = if h : x✝.ctorIdx = y✝.ctorIdx then isTrue ⋯ else isFalse ⋯

@[instance_reducible]

instance Swahili.instReprGender : Repr Gender

Equations

• Swahili.instReprGender = { reprPrec := Swahili.instReprGender.repr }

def Swahili.instReprGender.repr : Gender → ℕ → Std.Format

Equations

• Swahili.instReprGender.repr Swahili.Gender.genderA prec✝ = Repr.addAppParen (Std.Format.nest (if prec✝ ≥ 1024 then 1 else 2) (Std.Format.text "Swahili.Gender.genderA")).group prec✝
• Swahili.instReprGender.repr Swahili.Gender.genderB prec✝ = Repr.addAppParen (Std.Format.nest (if prec✝ ≥ 1024 then 1 else 2) (Std.Format.text "Swahili.Gender.genderB")).group prec✝
• Swahili.instReprGender.repr Swahili.Gender.genderC prec✝ = Repr.addAppParen (Std.Format.nest (if prec✝ ≥ 1024 then 1 else 2) (Std.Format.text "Swahili.Gender.genderC")).group prec✝
• Swahili.instReprGender.repr Swahili.Gender.genderD prec✝ = Repr.addAppParen (Std.Format.nest (if prec✝ ≥ 1024 then 1 else 2) (Std.Format.text "Swahili.Gender.genderD")).group prec✝
• Swahili.instReprGender.repr Swahili.Gender.genderE prec✝ = Repr.addAppParen (Std.Format.nest (if prec✝ ≥ 1024 then 1 else 2) (Std.Format.text "Swahili.Gender.genderE")).group prec✝

@[instance_reducible]

instance Swahili.instFintypeGender : Fintype Gender

Equations

• Swahili.instFintypeGender = { elems := { val := ↑Swahili.Gender.enumList, nodup := Swahili.Gender.enumList_nodup }, complete := Swahili.instFintypeGender._proof_1 }

def Swahili.Gender.singularClass : Gender → NounClass

The singular class of a gender.

Equations

• Swahili.Gender.genderA.singularClass = Swahili.NounClass.cl1
• Swahili.Gender.genderB.singularClass = Swahili.NounClass.cl3
• Swahili.Gender.genderC.singularClass = Swahili.NounClass.cl5
• Swahili.Gender.genderD.singularClass = Swahili.NounClass.cl7
• Swahili.Gender.genderE.singularClass = Swahili.NounClass.cl9

def Swahili.Gender.pluralClass : Gender → NounClass

The plural class of a gender.

Equations

• Swahili.Gender.genderA.pluralClass = Swahili.NounClass.cl2
• Swahili.Gender.genderB.pluralClass = Swahili.NounClass.cl4
• Swahili.Gender.genderC.pluralClass = Swahili.NounClass.cl6
• Swahili.Gender.genderD.pluralClass = Swahili.NounClass.cl8
• Swahili.Gender.genderE.pluralClass = Swahili.NounClass.cl10

def Swahili.Gender.class (g : Gender) (plural : Bool) : NounClass

The class of a gender in the singular or, when plural, the plural.

Equations

• g.class plural = if plural = true then g.pluralClass else g.singularClass

theorem Swahili.Gender.faithful_subjPrefix : Gender.Faithful fun (g : Gender) (plural : Bool) => (g.class plural).subjPrefix

Subject agreement, singular and plural, distinguishes the five genders.

Subject prefixes of the persons

def Swahili.subjectPrefix : Agreement.Paradigm Morphology.Morph

The subject prefixes of the person cells are ni-, u-, tu- and m- for the speech-act participants and the prefixes of classes 1 and 2 for the third person.

Equations

• One or more equations did not get rendered due to their size.