Numèè Prosodic Fragment

@cite{lionnet-2025}

Lexical and utterance-level prosody for Numèè (Glottocode: numa1247), a Southern Oceanic language of New Caledonia. Data here are drawn from the Goro dialect as described and analysed by @cite{lionnet-2025} (which cites earlier descriptive work by Rivierre).

The Numèè register system shares the same underlying inventory as Drubea — registerless and downstepped morae as the only contrastive units, with no tone features. The two languages diverge at the utterance-final boundary (@cite{lionnet-2025} §3.3–3.4):

• Drubea (Fragments/Drubea/Prosody.lean): utterance-final raising h% on the final registerless syllable.
• Numèè (this file): utterance-final downstepping ⁺% on the final light CV syllable, only when preceded by a registerless syllable. When the final is itself underlyingly downstepped, the boundary inserts an extra downstep — a stacked "double downstep" ⁺⁺ — preserving the registerless/downstepped contrast utterance-finally (@cite{lionnet-2025} ex. 24 vs 25).

This fragment models syllable structure explicitly (the Drubea fragment works at the morpheme/spec-list level), because the Numèè boundary phenomenon's eligibility conditions reference syllable weight (light CV vs CVV) and the immediately preceding syllable's register status — neither expressible in a flat List TRN.

structure Fragments.Numee.Prosody.Syllable : Type

A Numèè syllable: surface form (segmental, no register marks) plus one TRN per mora. The mora is the register-bearing unit (@cite{lionnet-2025} §4.2), so light CV is monomoraic and CVV is bimoraic. A downstep mark ⁺ on the leftmost mora of a syllable surfaces as some .l at the corresponding specs index.

• form : String
• specs : List Phonology.Autosegmental.RegisterTier.TRN

@[implicit_reducible]

instance Fragments.Numee.Prosody.instReprSyllable : Repr Syllable

Equations

• Fragments.Numee.Prosody.instReprSyllable = { reprPrec := Fragments.Numee.Prosody.instReprSyllable.repr }

def Fragments.Numee.Prosody.instReprSyllable.repr : Syllable → ℕ → Std.Format

Equations

• One or more equations did not get rendered due to their size.

@[implicit_reducible]

instance Fragments.Numee.Prosody.instDecidableEqSyllable : DecidableEq Syllable

Equations

• Fragments.Numee.Prosody.instDecidableEqSyllable = Fragments.Numee.Prosody.instDecidableEqSyllable.decEq

def Fragments.Numee.Prosody.instDecidableEqSyllable.decEq (x✝ x✝¹ : Syllable) : Decidable (x✝ = x✝¹)

Equations

• One or more equations did not get rendered due to their size.

def Fragments.Numee.Prosody.Syllable.morae (s : Syllable) : ℕ

Number of morae in this syllable (one TRN per mora).

Equations

• s.morae = s.specs.length

def Fragments.Numee.Prosody.Syllable.isLightCV (s : Syllable) : Bool

Light CV: a monomoraic short syllable (e.g. ku, nĩ, kwɛ̃). The Numèè boundary downstep ⁺% only docks on light CV finals.

Equations

• s.isLightCV = (s.morae == 1)

def Fragments.Numee.Prosody.Syllable.isRegisterless (s : Syllable) : Bool

All morae of this syllable are registerless (no l or h). The Numèè ⁺% boundary requires the preceding syllable to satisfy this.

Equations

• s.isRegisterless = s.specs.all fun (x : Phonology.Autosegmental.RegisterTier.TRN) => x == Phonology.Autosegmental.RegisterTier.TRN.empty

def Fragments.Numee.Prosody.Syllable.isDownstepped (s : Syllable) : Bool

The syllable carries an underlying downstep l on at least one mora.

Equations

• s.isDownstepped = s.specs.any fun (x : Phonology.Autosegmental.RegisterTier.TRN) => x == Phonology.Autosegmental.RegisterTier.TRN.downstep

@[reducible, inline]

abbrev Fragments.Numee.Prosody.Utterance : Type

A Numèè utterance: an ordered sequence of syllables.

Equations

• Fragments.Numee.Prosody.Utterance = List Fragments.Numee.Prosody.Syllable

inductive Fragments.Numee.Prosody.BoundaryEffect : Type

Realisation outcome for the Numèè utterance-final boundary downstep ⁺% (@cite{lionnet-2025} §3.4):

• none: eligibility conditions not met; the final syllable surfaces unchanged (heavy final, or final preceded by a downstepped syllable).
• single: a registerless final acquires one extra downstep step (the canonical Goro pattern).
• double: an already-downstepped final is realised with a stacked double downstep ⁺⁺, lowering pitch below what an underlyingly downstepped non-final realisation would (@cite{lionnet-2025} ex. 24 vs 25). This stacking preserves the registerless/downstepped contrast in utterance-final position.

• none : BoundaryEffect
• single : BoundaryEffect
• double : BoundaryEffect

@[implicit_reducible]

instance Fragments.Numee.Prosody.instDecidableEqBoundaryEffect : DecidableEq BoundaryEffect

Equations

• Fragments.Numee.Prosody.instDecidableEqBoundaryEffect x✝ y✝ = if h : x✝.ctorIdx = y✝.ctorIdx then isTrue ⋯ else isFalse ⋯

@[implicit_reducible]

instance Fragments.Numee.Prosody.instReprBoundaryEffect : Repr BoundaryEffect

Equations

• Fragments.Numee.Prosody.instReprBoundaryEffect = { reprPrec := Fragments.Numee.Prosody.instReprBoundaryEffect.repr }

def Fragments.Numee.Prosody.instReprBoundaryEffect.repr : BoundaryEffect → ℕ → Std.Format

Equations

• One or more equations did not get rendered due to their size.

def Fragments.Numee.Prosody.numeeBoundaryEffect : Utterance → BoundaryEffect

The Numèè utterance-final boundary downstep ⁺% (@cite{lionnet-2025} §3.4).

Eligibility: the final syllable must be light CV (monomoraic) AND preceded by a registerless syllable. When eligible, the outcome depends on the final syllable's underlying register: registerless → single, downstepped → double (stacking).

Equations

• One or more equations did not get rendered due to their size.

def Fragments.Numee.Prosody.jaa : Syllable

/jaa/ 'juice' — bimoraic CVV, registerless (ex. 24, 25).

Equations

• Fragments.Numee.Prosody.jaa = { form := "jaa", specs := [Phonology.Autosegmental.RegisterTier.TRN.empty, Phonology.Autosegmental.RegisterTier.TRN.empty] }

def Fragments.Numee.Prosody.niCoconut : Syllable

/nĩ/ 'coconut' — monomoraic CV, registerless (ex. 24).

Equations

• Fragments.Numee.Prosody.niCoconut = { form := "nĩ", specs := [Phonology.Autosegmental.RegisterTier.TRN.empty] }

def Fragments.Numee.Prosody.niBreast : Syllable

/⁺nĩ/ 'breast' — monomoraic CV, downstepped (ex. 25). The minimal-pair partner of niCoconut.

Equations

• Fragments.Numee.Prosody.niBreast = { form := "nĩ", specs := [Phonology.Autosegmental.RegisterTier.TRN.downstep] }

def Fragments.Numee.Prosody.mii : Syllable

/mii/ 'low' — bimoraic CVV, registerless (ex. 26). Heavy finals block the boundary downstep.

Equations

• Fragments.Numee.Prosody.mii = { form := "mii", specs := [Phonology.Autosegmental.RegisterTier.TRN.empty, Phonology.Autosegmental.RegisterTier.TRN.empty] }

def Fragments.Numee.Prosody.ku : Syllable

/ku/ 'yam' — monomoraic CV, registerless (ex. 28). Light, but in ex. 28 it is preceded by a downstepped syllable, so the boundary is blocked.

Equations

• Fragments.Numee.Prosody.ku = { form := "ku", specs := [Phonology.Autosegmental.RegisterTier.TRN.empty] }

def Fragments.Numee.Prosody.beTii : Syllable

/⁺tĩĩ/ 'three' — bimoraic CVV, downstep on first mora (ex. 28). Whether or not light, what matters here is that it counts as downstepped and so blocks the boundary on the following ku.

Equations

• Fragments.Numee.Prosody.beTii = { form := "tĩĩ", specs := [Phonology.Autosegmental.RegisterTier.TRN.downstep, Phonology.Autosegmental.RegisterTier.TRN.empty] }

def Fragments.Numee.Prosody.kwe : Syllable

/kwɛ̃/ 'sand' — monomoraic CV, registerless (ex. 29). Like ku, light but preceded by a downstepped syllable in its example.

Equations

• Fragments.Numee.Prosody.kwe = { form := "kwɛ̃", specs := [Phonology.Autosegmental.RegisterTier.TRN.empty] }

def Fragments.Numee.Prosody.paa : Syllable

/⁺paa/ 'down' — bimoraic CVV with downstep on first mora (ex. 29).

Equations

• Fragments.Numee.Prosody.paa = { form := "paa", specs := [Phonology.Autosegmental.RegisterTier.TRN.downstep, Phonology.Autosegmental.RegisterTier.TRN.empty] }

def Fragments.Numee.Prosody.regCV : Syllable

A registerless filler syllable used to pad utterances (a, nõ, dɛŋo, etc. in the §3.4 examples — segmental detail varies but the prosodic content is just [TRN.empty] or [TRN.empty, TRN.empty]).

Equations

• Fragments.Numee.Prosody.regCV = { form := "σ", specs := [Phonology.Autosegmental.RegisterTier.TRN.empty] }

def Fragments.Numee.Prosody.regCVV : Syllable

Equations

• Fragments.Numee.Prosody.regCVV = { form := "σː", specs := [Phonology.Autosegmental.RegisterTier.TRN.empty, Phonology.Autosegmental.RegisterTier.TRN.empty] }