Yukatek Maya verb classes and status

A Yukatek Maya verb is inflected for status, a suffixal category of aspect and mood with four values, the incompletive, the completive, the subjunctive, which Hofling calls the dependent, and the imperative. The allomorphs of the status suffixes sort verb stems into five classes: the active intransitives, unmarked in the incompletive, the inactive intransitives, unmarked in the completive, the inchoatives derived from stative roots, the positionals of spatial configurations, and the transitives. The status also fixes which set of person markers cross-references the sole argument of an intransitive: Set A, the set of transitive subjects, in the incompletive, and Set B, the set of transitive objects, in the completive and the subjunctive, so that the alignment of an intransitive clause is accusative under imperfective status and ergative under perfective status. Bohnemeyer's tables of status patterns and marker functions and Hofling's Yucatecan sketch are the sources; the verbs are those of Bohnemeyer's examples, whose classification by causation and linking is the matter of Studies/Bohnemeyer2004.lean.

Main definitions

• Yukatek.StatusCategory, Yukatek.VerbStemClass, Yukatek.statusSuffix: the four statuses, the five stem classes, and the status suffix of each class.
• Yukatek.sArgumentMarker, Yukatek.alignment: the marker set and the alignment of the intransitive subject under each status.
• Yukatek.Verb, Yukatek.verbs: the verbs of Bohnemeyer's examples with their stem classes.

Implementation notes

The suffixes are written as Bohnemeyer prints them, V for the harmonic vowel and a slash between allomorphs; the imperfective reading of the incompletive and the perfective reading of the completive and the subjunctive are his glosses of the statuses.

References

• [Boh04]
• [Hof17]

Status

inductive Yukatek.StatusCategory : Type

The four status categories.

• incompletive : StatusCategory
• completive : StatusCategory
• subjunctive : StatusCategory
• imperative : StatusCategory

@[instance_reducible]

instance Yukatek.instDecidableEqStatusCategory : DecidableEq StatusCategory

Equations

• Yukatek.instDecidableEqStatusCategory x✝ y✝ = if h : x✝.ctorIdx = y✝.ctorIdx then isTrue ⋯ else isFalse ⋯

@[instance_reducible]

instance Yukatek.instReprStatusCategory : Repr StatusCategory

Equations

• Yukatek.instReprStatusCategory = { reprPrec := Yukatek.instReprStatusCategory.repr }

def Yukatek.instReprStatusCategory.repr : StatusCategory → ℕ → Std.Format

Equations

• One or more equations did not get rendered due to their size.

@[instance_reducible]

instance Yukatek.instFintypeStatusCategory : Fintype StatusCategory

Equations

• One or more equations did not get rendered due to their size.

def Yukatek.StatusCategory.viewpointAspect : StatusCategory → Option Aspect.Perfectivity

The viewpoint aspect a status expresses, imperfective in the incompletive and perfective in the completive and the subjunctive; the imperative expresses none.

Equations

• Yukatek.StatusCategory.incompletive.viewpointAspect = some Aspect.Perfectivity.imperfective
• Yukatek.StatusCategory.completive.viewpointAspect = some Aspect.Perfectivity.perfective
• Yukatek.StatusCategory.subjunctive.viewpointAspect = some Aspect.Perfectivity.perfective
• Yukatek.StatusCategory.imperative.viewpointAspect = none

Stem classes

inductive Yukatek.VerbStemClass : Type

The five verb stem classes, distinguished by their status allomorphs.

• active : VerbStemClass
• inactive : VerbStemClass
• inchoative : VerbStemClass
• positional : VerbStemClass
• transitiveActive : VerbStemClass

@[instance_reducible]

instance Yukatek.instDecidableEqVerbStemClass : DecidableEq VerbStemClass

Equations

• Yukatek.instDecidableEqVerbStemClass x✝ y✝ = if h : x✝.ctorIdx = y✝.ctorIdx then isTrue ⋯ else isFalse ⋯

def Yukatek.instReprVerbStemClass.repr : VerbStemClass → ℕ → Std.Format

Equations

• One or more equations did not get rendered due to their size.

@[instance_reducible]

instance Yukatek.instReprVerbStemClass : Repr VerbStemClass

Equations

• Yukatek.instReprVerbStemClass = { reprPrec := Yukatek.instReprVerbStemClass.repr }

@[instance_reducible]

instance Yukatek.instFintypeVerbStemClass : Fintype VerbStemClass

Equations

• Yukatek.instFintypeVerbStemClass = { elems := { val := ↑Yukatek.VerbStemClass.enumList, nodup := Yukatek.VerbStemClass.enumList_nodup }, complete := Yukatek.instFintypeVerbStemClass._proof_1 }

def Yukatek.statusSuffix : VerbStemClass → StatusCategory → Option String

The status suffix of each stem class, none where the class has no form in the status.

Equations

• Yukatek.statusSuffix Yukatek.VerbStemClass.active Yukatek.StatusCategory.incompletive = some "-ø"
• Yukatek.statusSuffix Yukatek.VerbStemClass.active Yukatek.StatusCategory.completive = some "-nah"
• Yukatek.statusSuffix Yukatek.VerbStemClass.active Yukatek.StatusCategory.subjunctive = some "-nak"
• Yukatek.statusSuffix Yukatek.VerbStemClass.active Yukatek.StatusCategory.imperative = some "-nen"
• Yukatek.statusSuffix Yukatek.VerbStemClass.inactive Yukatek.StatusCategory.incompletive = some "-Vl"
• Yukatek.statusSuffix Yukatek.VerbStemClass.inactive Yukatek.StatusCategory.completive = some "-ø"
• Yukatek.statusSuffix Yukatek.VerbStemClass.inactive Yukatek.StatusCategory.subjunctive = some "-Vk"
• Yukatek.statusSuffix Yukatek.VerbStemClass.inactive Yukatek.StatusCategory.imperative = some "-en"
• Yukatek.statusSuffix Yukatek.VerbStemClass.inchoative Yukatek.StatusCategory.incompletive = some "-tal"
• Yukatek.statusSuffix Yukatek.VerbStemClass.inchoative Yukatek.StatusCategory.completive = some "-chah"
• Yukatek.statusSuffix Yukatek.VerbStemClass.inchoative Yukatek.StatusCategory.subjunctive = some "-chahak"
• Yukatek.statusSuffix Yukatek.VerbStemClass.inchoative Yukatek.StatusCategory.imperative = none
• Yukatek.statusSuffix Yukatek.VerbStemClass.positional Yukatek.StatusCategory.incompletive = some "-tal"
• Yukatek.statusSuffix Yukatek.VerbStemClass.positional Yukatek.StatusCategory.completive = some "-lah"
• Yukatek.statusSuffix Yukatek.VerbStemClass.positional Yukatek.StatusCategory.subjunctive = some "-l(ah)ak"
• Yukatek.statusSuffix Yukatek.VerbStemClass.positional Yukatek.StatusCategory.imperative = some "-len"
• Yukatek.statusSuffix Yukatek.VerbStemClass.transitiveActive Yukatek.StatusCategory.incompletive = some "-ik"
• Yukatek.statusSuffix Yukatek.VerbStemClass.transitiveActive Yukatek.StatusCategory.completive = some "-ah"
• Yukatek.statusSuffix Yukatek.VerbStemClass.transitiveActive Yukatek.StatusCategory.subjunctive = some "-ø/-eh"
• Yukatek.statusSuffix Yukatek.VerbStemClass.transitiveActive Yukatek.StatusCategory.imperative = some "-ø/-eh"

The split

def Yukatek.sArgumentMarker : StatusCategory → Option Mayan.MarkerSet

The marker set of the sole argument of an intransitive under each status, Set A in the incompletive and Set B in the completive and the subjunctive; the imperative is outside the split.

Equations

• Yukatek.sArgumentMarker Yukatek.StatusCategory.incompletive = some Mayan.MarkerSet.setA
• Yukatek.sArgumentMarker Yukatek.StatusCategory.completive = some Mayan.MarkerSet.setB
• Yukatek.sArgumentMarker Yukatek.StatusCategory.subjunctive = some Mayan.MarkerSet.setB
• Yukatek.sArgumentMarker Yukatek.StatusCategory.imperative = none

def Yukatek.alignment (s : StatusCategory) : Alignment.AlignmentType

The alignment a status imposes, accusative under the imperfective incompletive and ergative under the perfective completive and subjunctive and by default in the imperative.

Equations

• One or more equations did not get rendered due to their size.

Verbs

structure Yukatek.Verb : Type

A verb with its stem class.

• form : String

  The stem, in Bohnemeyer's orthography.

• gloss : String

  The gloss.

• stemClass : VerbStemClass

  The stem class.

@[instance_reducible]

instance Yukatek.instDecidableEqVerb : DecidableEq Verb

Equations

• Yukatek.instDecidableEqVerb = Yukatek.instDecidableEqVerb.decEq

def Yukatek.instDecidableEqVerb.decEq (x✝ x✝¹ : Verb) : Decidable (x✝ = x✝¹)

Equations

• One or more equations did not get rendered due to their size.

@[instance_reducible]

instance Yukatek.instReprVerb : Repr Verb

Equations

• Yukatek.instReprVerb = { reprPrec := Yukatek.instReprVerb.repr }

def Yukatek.instReprVerb.repr : Verb → ℕ → Std.Format

Equations

• One or more equations did not get rendered due to their size.

def Yukatek.meyah : Verb

meyah 'work', active.

Equations

• Yukatek.meyah = { form := "meyah", gloss := "work", stemClass := Yukatek.VerbStemClass.active }

def Yukatek.bàaxal : Verb

bàaxal 'play', active.

Equations

• Yukatek.bàaxal = { form := "bàaxal", gloss := "play", stemClass := Yukatek.VerbStemClass.active }

def Yukatek.balak' : Verb

balak' 'roll', active.

Equations

• Yukatek.balak' = { form := "balak'", gloss := "roll", stemClass := Yukatek.VerbStemClass.active }

def Yukatek.péek : Verb

péek 'move, wiggle', active.

Equations

• Yukatek.péek = { form := "péek", gloss := "move", stemClass := Yukatek.VerbStemClass.active }

def Yukatek.tsíirin : Verb

tsíirin 'buzz', active.

Equations

• Yukatek.tsíirin = { form := "tsíirin", gloss := "buzz", stemClass := Yukatek.VerbStemClass.active }

def Yukatek.chíik : Verb

chíik 'shake, rattle', active.

Equations

• Yukatek.chíik = { form := "chíik", gloss := "shake", stemClass := Yukatek.VerbStemClass.active }

def Yukatek.háarax : Verb

háarax 'slide', active.

Equations

• Yukatek.háarax = { form := "háarax", gloss := "slide", stemClass := Yukatek.VerbStemClass.active }

def Yukatek.húuy : Verb

húuy 'stir, agitate', active.

Equations

• Yukatek.húuy = { form := "húuy", gloss := "stir", stemClass := Yukatek.VerbStemClass.active }

def Yukatek.mosòon : Verb

mosòon 'whirl, revolve', active.

Equations

• Yukatek.mosòon = { form := "mosòon", gloss := "whirl", stemClass := Yukatek.VerbStemClass.active }

def Yukatek.pirix : Verb

pirix 'flick', active.

Equations

• Yukatek.pirix = { form := "pirix", gloss := "flick", stemClass := Yukatek.VerbStemClass.active }

def Yukatek.walak' : Verb

walak' 'turn, revolve', active.

Equations

• Yukatek.walak' = { form := "walak'", gloss := "turn", stemClass := Yukatek.VerbStemClass.active }

def Yukatek.nik'ich : Verb

nik'ich 'squeak', active.

Equations

• Yukatek.nik'ich = { form := "nik'ich", gloss := "squeak", stemClass := Yukatek.VerbStemClass.active }

def Yukatek.kim : Verb

kim 'die', inactive.

Equations

• Yukatek.kim = { form := "kim", gloss := "die", stemClass := Yukatek.VerbStemClass.inactive }

def Yukatek.lúub : Verb

lúub 'fall', inactive.

Equations

• Yukatek.lúub = { form := "lúub", gloss := "fall", stemClass := Yukatek.VerbStemClass.inactive }

def Yukatek.hàan : Verb

hàan 'eat', inactive.

Equations

• Yukatek.hàan = { form := "hàan", gloss := "eat", stemClass := Yukatek.VerbStemClass.inactive }

def Yukatek.ka'n : Verb

ka'n 'get tired', inactive.

Equations

• Yukatek.ka'n = { form := "ka'n", gloss := "get tired", stemClass := Yukatek.VerbStemClass.inactive }

def Yukatek.na'k : Verb

na'k 'ascend', inactive.

Equations

• Yukatek.na'k = { form := "na'k", gloss := "ascend", stemClass := Yukatek.VerbStemClass.inactive }

def Yukatek.la'b : Verb

la'b 'deteriorate', inactive.

Equations

• Yukatek.la'b = { form := "la'b", gloss := "deteriorate", stemClass := Yukatek.VerbStemClass.inactive }

def Yukatek.t'íil : Verb

t'íil 'last, drag on', inactive.

Equations

• Yukatek.t'íil = { form := "t'íil", gloss := "last", stemClass := Yukatek.VerbStemClass.inactive }

def Yukatek.ts'u'k : Verb

ts'u'k 'rot', inactive.

Equations

• Yukatek.ts'u'k = { form := "ts'u'k", gloss := "rot", stemClass := Yukatek.VerbStemClass.inactive }

def Yukatek.bòoxtal : Verb

bòox-tal 'blacken', inchoative.

Equations

• Yukatek.bòoxtal = { form := "bòox-tal", gloss := "blacken", stemClass := Yukatek.VerbStemClass.inchoative }

def Yukatek.chichantal : Verb

chichan-tal 'shrink', inchoative.

Equations

• Yukatek.chichantal = { form := "chichan-tal", gloss := "shrink", stemClass := Yukatek.VerbStemClass.inchoative }

def Yukatek.kultal : Verb

kul-tal 'sit down', positional.

Equations

• Yukatek.kultal = { form := "kul-tal", gloss := "sit down", stemClass := Yukatek.VerbStemClass.positional }

def Yukatek.wa'ltal : Verb

wa'l-tal 'stand up', positional.

Equations

• Yukatek.wa'ltal = { form := "wa'l-tal", gloss := "stand up", stemClass := Yukatek.VerbStemClass.positional }

def Yukatek.chiltal : Verb

chil-tal 'lie down', positional.

Equations

• Yukatek.chiltal = { form := "chil-tal", gloss := "lie down", stemClass := Yukatek.VerbStemClass.positional }

def Yukatek.xoltal : Verb

xol-tal 'kneel', positional.

Equations

• Yukatek.xoltal = { form := "xol-tal", gloss := "kneel", stemClass := Yukatek.VerbStemClass.positional }

def Yukatek.hats' : Verb

hats' 'hit', transitive.

Equations

• Yukatek.hats' = { form := "hats'", gloss := "hit", stemClass := Yukatek.VerbStemClass.transitiveActive }

def Yukatek.verbs : List Verb

The verbs of Bohnemeyer's examples.

Equations

• One or more equations did not get rendered due to their size.