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Linglib.Fragments.Mayan.Qanjobal.Agreement

Q'anjob'al Agreement and Case Fragment #

Agreement morphology and case assignment for Q'anjob'al (Q'anjob'alan, Mayan), following [MT08] and [Ima20]: a high absolutive VSO language whose split ergativity is triggered by the absence of a preverbal aspect marker. Q'anjob'al has the same Set A (ergative) / Set B (absolutive) paradigm as other Mayan languages. Per [MT08] p. 9 it sits in the "Q'anjob'alan group, Q'anjob'alan branch, Western division" of the Mayan family (citing England 1992:21, Kaufman 1974) — alongside the Cholan-Tzeltalan branch (where Chol lives) within Western Mayan.

Main declarations #

Implementation notes #

Per [MT08] §1.3, ex. (35), the verbal predicate structure is Asp + (Particle) + Abs + (Particle) + Erg-Verb + (Particle) + (DIRs), i.e. [Asp] [Abs Erg-Verb] — the high absolutive template, against Chol's low-absolutive [Aux] [Erg-Verb-Abs] ([VA11] §3.4).

Unlike Chol's aspect-category split (accusative in all non-perfective aspects), Q'anjob'al splits only in clauses lacking an overt preverbal aspect marker — "split ergativity occurs in any clause without an overt preverbal aspect marker" ([MT08] §1.1.1, citing Mateo 2004a/2007b) — so the imperfective chi- keeps canonical ergative, and only aspectless contexts (e.g. the lanan progressive) put Set A on all subjects. The three-branch split survey and the .gen-vs-.nom discussion live in Fragments/Mayan/Params.lean, whose Mayan.caseQanjobalan this file consumes.

One real Cholan/Q'anjob'alan difference the shared alignment substrate does not capture is aspect-marker word class: Chol markers are auxiliaries (independent words tyi perfective, mi imperfective; [VA11] §3.4), whereas Q'anjob'al markers are clitics or "grammaticized particles" ((ma)x- completive, chi/ch- incompletive, (ho)q- irrealis; [MT08] §1.1.2, Kaufman 1990:71, Robertson 1992:57). Mayan.caseQanjobalan captures the alignment facts, not the morpheme-class difference.

Argument positions #

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@[reducible, inline]
abbrev Qanjobal.ArgPosition :
Type

Argument positions, aliased to the canonical Features.Prominence.ArgumentRole (S/A/P/R/T).

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    @[reducible, inline]
    abbrev Qanjobal.ArgPosition.case :
    ArgPosition → Case

    Canonical ergative case assignment (clauses with an overt preverbal aspect marker), shared with Chol via Mayan.ergCaseQanjobalan (= Alignment.ergative.assignCase).

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      @[reducible, inline]
      abbrev Qanjobal.ArgPosition.accCase :
      ArgPosition → Case

      Split (extended-ergative) case assignment in aspectless contexts, via the .Prog projection Mayan.accCaseQanjobalan (= Alignment.extendedErgative.assignCase) — making the accusative-side parallel with Chol true by construction.

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        Absolutive position (HIGH-ABS) #

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        def Qanjobal.absPosition :
        Mayan.ABSPosition

        HIGH-ABS: absolutive morphemes sit on the aspect marker (pre-stem), from the morpheme order ASP-ABS-ERG-ROOT-SUFFIX.

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          Person-number paradigm #

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          def Qanjobal.setAExponent :
          Phonology.Segment.Class → Mayan.ExponentTable

          Set A (ergative/possessive) markers by following-segment environment ([CMPP14] table (13)). The 3pl cells are discontinuous exponents: person prefix plus the free plural word heb'.

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            def Qanjobal.setBExponent :
            Mayan.ExponentTable

            Set B (absolutive) markers: suffixes ([CMPP14] table (13)). The 3pl cell is the free plural word heb' alone (zero person exponence plus the plural particle); 1pl -on is the table's ASCII for -on̈ [-oŋ].

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              theorem Qanjobal.p3sg_abs_null :
              Agreement.Paradigm.realize setBExponent (Agreement.Cell.pn UD.Person.third UD.Number.Sing) = some []

              3rd person absolutive has zero exponence.

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              theorem Qanjobal.p3sg_erg_allomorphy :
              Agreement.Paradigm.realize (setAExponent Phonology.Segment.Class.consonant) (Agreement.Cell.pn UD.Person.third UD.Number.Sing) = some [Morphology.Morph.pref "s"] ∧ Agreement.Paradigm.realize (setAExponent Phonology.Segment.Class.vowel) (Agreement.Cell.pn UD.Person.third UD.Number.Sing) = some [Morphology.Morph.pref "y"]

              3rd person ergative is s- pre-consonantally, y- pre-vocalically.