Kaqchikel agreement

Kaqchikel (K'ichean, Mayan) cross-references both arguments of a transitive verb: the Set A prefixes index the transitive agent, and the Set B markers the transitive patient and the intransitive subject. The verbal complex runs aspect, Set B, Set A, stem, so Set B precedes the stem and Kaqchikel is a high-absolutive language. Under Agent Focus the verb carries a single marker drawn from the Set B paradigm. The alignment is ergative outside the progressive, where in the construction with ajin Set A indexes the object, the inverted pattern Imanishi analyses. Preminger's monograph is the source of the paradigms.

Main declarations

• Kaqchikel.setAExponent, Kaqchikel.setBExponent: the Set A and Set B paradigms.
• Kaqchikel.template, Kaqchikel.assignCase: the verbal complex and the case of each argument by aspect.
• Kaqchikel.caseInventory: the cases the core roles realize in the perfective.

Implementation notes

The Agent Focus paradigm and the rule that predicts it are in Studies/Preminger2014.lean, and the derivation of the progressive pattern in Studies/Imanishi2014.lean. Parenthesized segments of the exponents drop in certain phonological contexts.

References

• [Pre14]
• [Ima14]
• [Mon17]

The verbal complex

def Kaqchikel.template : Morphology.AffixTemplate Mayan.VerbSlot

The Kaqchikel verbal complex has the aspect marker, Set B and Set A before the stem and the status suffix after it ([Pre14]).

Equations

• Kaqchikel.template = { prefixSlots := [Mayan.VerbSlot.aspect, Mayan.VerbSlot.setB, Mayan.VerbSlot.setA], suffixSlots := [Mayan.VerbSlot.status] }

def Kaqchikel.assignCase : UD.Aspect → ArgumentRole → Case

Kaqchikel is ergative in every aspect but the progressive, where in the construction with the matrix predicate ajin Set A cross-references the object rather than the subject, the inverted alignment [Ima14] analyses; some varieties lack the pattern.

Equations

• Kaqchikel.assignCase UD.Aspect.Prog = Alignment.invertedErgative
• Kaqchikel.assignCase UD.Aspect.Perf = Alignment.ergative
• Kaqchikel.assignCase UD.Aspect.Imp = Alignment.ergative
• Kaqchikel.assignCase UD.Aspect.Prosp = Alignment.ergative
• Kaqchikel.assignCase UD.Aspect.Hab = Alignment.ergative
• Kaqchikel.assignCase UD.Aspect.Iter = Alignment.ergative

The paradigms

def Kaqchikel.setAExponent : Phonology.Segment.Class → Mayan.ExponentTable

The Set A markers by the following segment ([Pre14] (29)). The table glosses its parenthesized segments only as dropped in certain phonological contexts; the split into pre-consonantal and pre-vocalic shapes follows the cognate K'iche' paradigm ([Mon17]). The third person singular ru- has the dialectal variant u-.

Equations

• One or more equations did not get rendered due to their size.

def Kaqchikel.setBExponent : Mayan.ExponentTable

The Set B markers ([Pre14] (29)), with a zero third person singular.

Equations

• One or more equations did not get rendered due to their size.

theorem Kaqchikel.isErgative_perfective : Alignment.IsErgative (assignCase UD.Aspect.Perf)

The perfective is ergatively aligned: A apart, S with P; the family-level statement is CoonMateoPedroPreminger2014.isErgativePerfective_iff.

def Kaqchikel.caseInventory : Finset Case

The cases the core roles realize in the perfective, the ergative and the absolutive.

Equations

• Kaqchikel.caseInventory = (List.map (Kaqchikel.assignCase UD.Aspect.Perf) ArgumentRole.core).toFinset