Chol agreement

Chol cross-references the core arguments with two sets of person markers: Set A, the prefixes k-, a- and i-, before a vowel k-, aw- and (i)y-, which index transitive subjects and possessors, and Set B, the suffixes -oñ, -ety and zero, which index transitive objects. Plurality is carried by clitics common to both sets, =la for the inclusive first and for the second person and =l(oj)oñ for the exclusive first, and by the suffix -ob for the third. The aspect markers are auxiliaries, the perfective tyi and the imperfective mi, and the verbal complex after them runs Set A, stem, status suffix, Set B, so that Set B follows the stem and Chol is a low-absolutive language. The alignment splits by aspect: in the perfective the intransitive subject takes Set B, the ergative pattern, and in every other aspect it takes Set A, the pattern Vázquez Álvarez calls nominative–accusative and Coon, reading the non-perfective clause as a nominalization under an aspectual predicate, extended ergative. Within the perfective the intransitives divide further: agentive verbs such as k'ay 'sing' index their subject with Set A on the light verb cha'l, non-agentive verbs such as majl 'go' with Set B on the verb, and a third class such as wäy 'sleep' allows both. Vázquez Álvarez's grammar and Coon's sketch are the sources.

Main definitions

• Chol.setAExponent, Chol.setBExponent: the two paradigms, the plural cells with the inclusive clitic.
• Chol.template, Chol.assignCase: the verbal complex and the case of each argument by aspect.
• Chol.IntransitiveClass, Chol.Intransitive, Chol.intransitives: the three classes of intransitive verb by the marking of their subject in the perfective, with the grammar's examples.

Implementation notes

The non-perfective case function is Alignment.extendedErgative, Coon's genitive on the subject rather than a nominative; the plural cells carry the inclusive =la, the exclusive =l(oj)oñ having no cell in the person–number bundles. The first person prefix is j- before a stem-initial k.

References

• [VA11]
• [Coo17]
• [Coo13]
• [Ima20]
• [CMPP14]

The verbal complex

def Chol.template : Morphology.AffixTemplate Mayan.VerbSlot

The position classes of the verbal complex, the aspect marker and Set A before the stem and the status suffix and then Set B after it.

Equations

• Chol.template = { prefixSlots := [Mayan.VerbSlot.aspect, Mayan.VerbSlot.setA], suffixSlots := [Mayan.VerbSlot.status, Mayan.VerbSlot.setB] }

def Chol.assignCase : UD.Aspect → ArgumentRole → Case

Chol is ergative in the perfective and puts Set A on every subject in the other aspects, the extended ergative pattern.

Equations

• Chol.assignCase UD.Aspect.Perf = Alignment.ergative
• Chol.assignCase UD.Aspect.Imp = Alignment.extendedErgative
• Chol.assignCase UD.Aspect.Prog = Alignment.extendedErgative
• Chol.assignCase UD.Aspect.Prosp = Alignment.extendedErgative
• Chol.assignCase UD.Aspect.Hab = Alignment.extendedErgative
• Chol.assignCase UD.Aspect.Iter = Alignment.extendedErgative

The paradigms

def Chol.setAExponent : Phonology.Segment.Class → Mayan.ExponentTable

The Set A markers by the following segment, with the plural clitic =la and the third person plural suffix -ob.

Equations

• One or more equations did not get rendered due to their size.

def Chol.setBExponent : Mayan.ExponentTable

The Set B markers, with a zero third person singular, the plural clitic =la and the third person plural -ob.

Equations

• One or more equations did not get rendered due to their size.

Intransitive classes

inductive Chol.IntransitiveClass : Type

The three classes of intransitive verb by the marking of their subject in the perfective: Set A on the light verb cha'l, Set B on the verb, or either.

• agentive : IntransitiveClass
• nonAgentive : IntransitiveClass
• fluid : IntransitiveClass

@[instance_reducible]

instance Chol.instDecidableEqIntransitiveClass : DecidableEq IntransitiveClass

Equations

• Chol.instDecidableEqIntransitiveClass x✝ y✝ = if h : x✝.ctorIdx = y✝.ctorIdx then isTrue ⋯ else isFalse ⋯

@[instance_reducible]

instance Chol.instReprIntransitiveClass : Repr IntransitiveClass

Equations

• Chol.instReprIntransitiveClass = { reprPrec := Chol.instReprIntransitiveClass.repr }

def Chol.instReprIntransitiveClass.repr : IntransitiveClass → ℕ → Std.Format

Equations

• One or more equations did not get rendered due to their size.

@[instance_reducible]

instance Chol.instFintypeIntransitiveClass : Fintype IntransitiveClass

Equations

• One or more equations did not get rendered due to their size.

structure Chol.Intransitive : Type

An intransitive verb with its class.

• form : String

  The root.

• gloss : String

  The gloss.

• marking : IntransitiveClass

  The class by the marking of the subject.

def Chol.instDecidableEqIntransitive.decEq (x✝ x✝¹ : Intransitive) : Decidable (x✝ = x✝¹)

Equations

• One or more equations did not get rendered due to their size.

@[instance_reducible]

instance Chol.instDecidableEqIntransitive : DecidableEq Intransitive

Equations

• Chol.instDecidableEqIntransitive = Chol.instDecidableEqIntransitive.decEq

@[instance_reducible]

instance Chol.instReprIntransitive : Repr Intransitive

Equations

• Chol.instReprIntransitive = { reprPrec := Chol.instReprIntransitive.repr }

def Chol.instReprIntransitive.repr : Intransitive → ℕ → Std.Format

Equations

• One or more equations did not get rendered due to their size.

def Chol.ajñel : Intransitive

ajñel 'run', agentive.

Equations

• Chol.ajñel = { form := "ajñel", gloss := "run", marking := Chol.IntransitiveClass.agentive }

def Chol.oñel : Intransitive

oñel 'shout', agentive.

Equations

• Chol.oñel = { form := "oñel", gloss := "shout", marking := Chol.IntransitiveClass.agentive }

def Chol.tse'ñal : Intransitive

tse'ñal 'laugh', agentive.

Equations

• Chol.tse'ñal = { form := "tse'ñal", gloss := "laugh", marking := Chol.IntransitiveClass.agentive }

def Chol.k'ay : Intransitive

k'ay 'sing', agentive.

Equations

• Chol.k'ay = { form := "k'ay", gloss := "sing", marking := Chol.IntransitiveClass.agentive }

def Chol.majl : Intransitive

majl 'go', non-agentive.

Equations

• Chol.majl = { form := "majl", gloss := "go", marking := Chol.IntransitiveClass.nonAgentive }

def Chol.lets : Intransitive

lets 'climb', non-agentive.

Equations

• Chol.lets = { form := "lets", gloss := "climb", marking := Chol.IntransitiveClass.nonAgentive }

def Chol.chäm : Intransitive

chäm 'die', non-agentive.

Equations

• Chol.chäm = { form := "chäm", gloss := "die", marking := Chol.IntransitiveClass.nonAgentive }

def Chol.tyojm : Intransitive

tyojm 'explode', non-agentive.

Equations

• Chol.tyojm = { form := "tyojm", gloss := "explode", marking := Chol.IntransitiveClass.nonAgentive }

def Chol.jil : Intransitive

jil 'finish', non-agentive.

Equations

• Chol.jil = { form := "jil", gloss := "finish", marking := Chol.IntransitiveClass.nonAgentive }

def Chol.wäy : Intransitive

wäy 'sleep', of either marking.

Equations

• Chol.wäy = { form := "wäy", gloss := "sleep", marking := Chol.IntransitiveClass.fluid }

def Chol.uk' : Intransitive

uk' 'cry', of either marking.

Equations

• Chol.uk' = { form := "uk'", gloss := "cry", marking := Chol.IntransitiveClass.fluid }

def Chol.ts'äm : Intransitive

ts'äm 'bathe', of either marking.

Equations

• Chol.ts'äm = { form := "ts'äm", gloss := "bathe", marking := Chol.IntransitiveClass.fluid }

def Chol.tyijp' : Intransitive

tyijp' 'jump', of either marking.

Equations

• Chol.tyijp' = { form := "tyijp'", gloss := "jump", marking := Chol.IntransitiveClass.fluid }

def Chol.intransitives : List Intransitive

The intransitives of the grammar's alignment examples.

Equations

• Chol.intransitives = [Chol.ajñel, Chol.oñel, Chol.tse'ñal, Chol.k'ay, Chol.majl, Chol.lets, Chol.chäm, Chol.tyojm, Chol.jil, Chol.wäy, Chol.uk', Chol.ts'äm, Chol.tyijp']