Mandarin Resultative Compound Fragment

Lexical entries for Mandarin V-V resultative compounds and phase complements, parameterized by cross-linguistic types from Causation.Resultatives.

Compound data

Each V-V compound entry records V1, V2, result orientation, and realization type. Object-oriented compounds (dǎ-sǐ "hit-die") and subject-oriented compounds (kū-lèi "cry-tired") coexist productively — Mandarin does not enforce the Direct Object Restriction (DOR).

Phase complements

A closed class of grammaticalized V2 morphemes with fixed CoSType semantics: dǎo 倒, wán 完, hǎo 好, diào 掉, zhù 住.

Cross-Module Connections

• Causation.Resultatives: ResultativeRealization, ResultOrientation
• Semantics.Aspect.ChangeOfState: CoSType
• Tay2024: thesis-specific theorems and analysis that import this Fragment

PhaseComplement (the closed-class V2 morpheme enum) lives here rather than in Theories/: it enumerates Mandarin-specific morphemes (dǎo/wán/hǎo/diào/zhù), so the data is Mandarin-anchored. Cross-linguistic typological parameters (ResultativeRealization, ResultOrientation) remain in Causation.Resultatives.

inductive Mandarin.Resultatives.PhaseComplement : Type

Mandarin phase complements: a closed class of grammaticalized V2 morphemes that fix the change-of-state semantics of the result. [Tay24] discusses these as a typologically distinctive Mandarin device.

• dao : PhaseComplement
• wan : PhaseComplement
• hao : PhaseComplement
• diao : PhaseComplement
• zhu : PhaseComplement

@[implicit_reducible]

instance Mandarin.Resultatives.instDecidableEqPhaseComplement : DecidableEq PhaseComplement

Equations

• Mandarin.Resultatives.instDecidableEqPhaseComplement x✝ y✝ = if h : x✝.ctorIdx = y✝.ctorIdx then isTrue ⋯ else isFalse ⋯

@[implicit_reducible]

instance Mandarin.Resultatives.instReprPhaseComplement : Repr PhaseComplement

Equations

• Mandarin.Resultatives.instReprPhaseComplement = { reprPrec := Mandarin.Resultatives.instReprPhaseComplement.repr }

def Mandarin.Resultatives.instReprPhaseComplement.repr : PhaseComplement → ℕ → Std.Format

Equations

• One or more equations did not get rendered due to their size.

def Mandarin.Resultatives.PhaseComplement.cosType : PhaseComplement → Features.ChangeOfState.CoSType

Mapping from each phase complement to its CoSType semantics.

wan → cessation models the activity-aspectual reading (P-during-event, ¬P-after = activity ceased), not a patient-result reading. The patient-result reading ("the food is gone") would require a separate .completion CoSType; cessation is the closest fit in the current taxonomy.

dao → inception and hao → inception are both blunt fits: [Syb17] distinguishes -dao 到 (telos-attainment, "reach a goal") from -hao 好 (norm-attainment, "achieve a satisfactory state") and from -diao 掉 (patient-removal). All three are kinds of completion / event-endpoint, not inception; the taxonomy here is forced because CoSType lacks a .completion constructor. Refining CoSType with .completion (or .attainment) would let these be distinguished from genuine inceptives like start/begin, but the cross-linguistic blast radius (~20 consumers) makes that refactor a separate workstream.

Additionally, the surface form dao covers two Mandarin morphemes written with different characters: 倒 'fall' (a directional/RVC use, e.g. tui-dao 'push over') and 到 'arrive/attain' (the phase-complement use, e.g. mai-dao 'succeed in buying'). The phase_dao entry below glosses 'fall', but Liu & Yip 2026 App. B treats the phase-complement -dao as 到. The conflation should be split when the substrate refactor lands.

-- UNVERIFIED: Tay 2024's exact taxonomy of wan; the cessation classification is the project's best fit, not a literal citation. -- UNVERIFIED: dao/hao both → .inception; per [Syb17] these are completion/attainment, not inception.

Equations

• Mandarin.Resultatives.PhaseComplement.dao.cosType = Features.ChangeOfState.CoSType.inception
• Mandarin.Resultatives.PhaseComplement.wan.cosType = Features.ChangeOfState.CoSType.cessation
• Mandarin.Resultatives.PhaseComplement.hao.cosType = Features.ChangeOfState.CoSType.inception
• Mandarin.Resultatives.PhaseComplement.diao.cosType = Features.ChangeOfState.CoSType.inception
• Mandarin.Resultatives.PhaseComplement.zhu.cosType = Features.ChangeOfState.CoSType.continuation

structure Mandarin.Resultatives.CompoundEntry : Type

A Mandarin V-V resultative compound lexical entry.

• v1 : String
• v2 : String
• gloss : String
• translation : String
• orientation : Causation.Resultatives.ResultOrientation
• realization : Causation.Resultatives.ResultativeRealization

def Mandarin.Resultatives.instReprCompoundEntry.repr : CompoundEntry → ℕ → Std.Format

Equations

• One or more equations did not get rendered due to their size.

@[implicit_reducible]

instance Mandarin.Resultatives.instReprCompoundEntry : Repr CompoundEntry

Equations

• Mandarin.Resultatives.instReprCompoundEntry = { reprPrec := Mandarin.Resultatives.instReprCompoundEntry.repr }

@[implicit_reducible]

instance Mandarin.Resultatives.instBEqCompoundEntry : BEq CompoundEntry

Equations

• Mandarin.Resultatives.instBEqCompoundEntry = { beq := Mandarin.Resultatives.instBEqCompoundEntry.beq }

def Mandarin.Resultatives.instBEqCompoundEntry.beq : CompoundEntry → CompoundEntry → Bool

Equations

• One or more equations did not get rendered due to their size.
• Mandarin.Resultatives.instBEqCompoundEntry.beq x✝¹ x✝ = false

def Mandarin.Resultatives.da_si : CompoundEntry

打死 dǎ-sǐ "hit-die" = "beat to death" (object-oriented).

Equations

• Mandarin.Resultatives.da_si = { v1 := "da", v2 := "si", gloss := "hit-die", translation := "beat to death", orientation := Causation.Resultatives.ResultOrientation.objectOriented }

def Mandarin.Resultatives.da_po : CompoundEntry

打破 dǎ-pò "hit-break" = "break by hitting" (object-oriented).

Equations

• Mandarin.Resultatives.da_po = { v1 := "da", v2 := "po", gloss := "hit-break", translation := "break by hitting", orientation := Causation.Resultatives.ResultOrientation.objectOriented }

def Mandarin.Resultatives.ku_lei : CompoundEntry

哭累 kū-lèi "cry-tired" = "cry oneself tired" (subject-oriented).

Equations

• Mandarin.Resultatives.ku_lei = { v1 := "ku", v2 := "lei", gloss := "cry-tired", translation := "cry oneself tired", orientation := Causation.Resultatives.ResultOrientation.subjectOriented }

def Mandarin.Resultatives.chi_bao : CompoundEntry

吃饱 chī-bǎo "eat-full" = "eat until full" (subject-oriented).

Equations

• Mandarin.Resultatives.chi_bao = { v1 := "chi", v2 := "bao", gloss := "eat-full", translation := "eat until full", orientation := Causation.Resultatives.ResultOrientation.subjectOriented }

def Mandarin.Resultatives.pao_lei : CompoundEntry

跑累 pǎo-lèi "run-tired" = "run oneself tired" (subject-oriented).

Equations

• Mandarin.Resultatives.pao_lei = { v1 := "pao", v2 := "lei", gloss := "run-tired", translation := "run oneself tired", orientation := Causation.Resultatives.ResultOrientation.subjectOriented }

def Mandarin.Resultatives.ku_shi : CompoundEntry

哭湿 kū-shī "cry-wet" = "cry (handkerchief) wet" (object-oriented).

Equations

• Mandarin.Resultatives.ku_shi = { v1 := "ku", v2 := "shi", gloss := "cry-wet", translation := "cry (handkerchief) wet", orientation := Causation.Resultatives.ResultOrientation.objectOriented }

def Mandarin.Resultatives.tui_kai : CompoundEntry

推开 tuī-kāi "push-open" = "push open" (object-oriented).

Equations

• Mandarin.Resultatives.tui_kai = { v1 := "tui", v2 := "kai", gloss := "push-open", translation := "push open", orientation := Causation.Resultatives.ResultOrientation.objectOriented }

def Mandarin.Resultatives.he_zui : CompoundEntry

喝醉 hē-zuì "drink-drunk" = "drink oneself drunk" (subject-oriented).

Equations

• Mandarin.Resultatives.he_zui = { v1 := "he", v2 := "zui", gloss := "drink-drunk", translation := "drink oneself drunk", orientation := Causation.Resultatives.ResultOrientation.subjectOriented }

def Mandarin.Resultatives.allCompounds : List CompoundEntry

Equations

• One or more equations did not get rendered due to their size.

structure Mandarin.Resultatives.PhaseComplementEntry : Type

A phase complement lexical entry mapping form to PhaseComplement.

• form : String
• gloss : String
• phase : PhaseComplement
• example_ : String

@[implicit_reducible]

instance Mandarin.Resultatives.instReprPhaseComplementEntry : Repr PhaseComplementEntry

Equations

• Mandarin.Resultatives.instReprPhaseComplementEntry = { reprPrec := Mandarin.Resultatives.instReprPhaseComplementEntry.repr }

def Mandarin.Resultatives.instReprPhaseComplementEntry.repr : PhaseComplementEntry → ℕ → Std.Format

Equations

• One or more equations did not get rendered due to their size.

@[implicit_reducible]

instance Mandarin.Resultatives.instBEqPhaseComplementEntry : BEq PhaseComplementEntry

Equations

• Mandarin.Resultatives.instBEqPhaseComplementEntry = { beq := Mandarin.Resultatives.instBEqPhaseComplementEntry.beq }

def Mandarin.Resultatives.instBEqPhaseComplementEntry.beq : PhaseComplementEntry → PhaseComplementEntry → Bool

Equations

• One or more equations did not get rendered due to their size.
• Mandarin.Resultatives.instBEqPhaseComplementEntry.beq x✝¹ x✝ = false

def Mandarin.Resultatives.phase_dao : PhaseComplementEntry

Equations

• Mandarin.Resultatives.phase_dao = { form := "dao", gloss := "fall", phase := Mandarin.Resultatives.PhaseComplement.dao, example_ := "tui-dao (push-fall = push over)" }

def Mandarin.Resultatives.phase_wan : PhaseComplementEntry

Equations

• Mandarin.Resultatives.phase_wan = { form := "wan", gloss := "finish", phase := Mandarin.Resultatives.PhaseComplement.wan, example_ := "chi-wan (eat-finish = finish eating)" }

def Mandarin.Resultatives.phase_hao : PhaseComplementEntry

Equations

• Mandarin.Resultatives.phase_hao = { form := "hao", gloss := "good", phase := Mandarin.Resultatives.PhaseComplement.hao, example_ := "zuo-hao (do-good = get done)" }

def Mandarin.Resultatives.phase_diao : PhaseComplementEntry

Equations

• Mandarin.Resultatives.phase_diao = { form := "diao", gloss := "fall off", phase := Mandarin.Resultatives.PhaseComplement.diao, example_ := "reng-diao (throw-fall.off = throw away)" }

def Mandarin.Resultatives.phase_zhu : PhaseComplementEntry

Equations

• Mandarin.Resultatives.phase_zhu = { form := "zhu", gloss := "hold", phase := Mandarin.Resultatives.PhaseComplement.zhu, example_ := "ji-zhu (remember-hold = keep in mind)" }

def Mandarin.Resultatives.allPhaseComplements : List PhaseComplementEntry

Equations

• One or more equations did not get rendered due to their size.