Modern Hebrew consonantal roots

This file defines the Modern Hebrew consonantal roots of the templatic-morphology studies as roots of segments. A radical that alternates between a stop and a fricative is the archisegment Phonology.B, Phonology.K or Phonology.P; the /k/ of ק is the plain Phonology.k, so a root is the same root in Arad's transcription (√qlt) and in Faust's (√klt). Roots are named in a transliteration that writes ח as x, ש as š and צ as c.

Main definitions

• Hebrew.klt, Hebrew.kl, Hebrew.klj: the roots of Faust's QaTaT–QaTa triplet.
• Hebrew.dmj, Hebrew.bnj, Hebrew.glj, Hebrew.rmj, Hebrew.skt, Hebrew.ktv: the roots of his taQTiL nouns and their bases.
• Hebrew.lmd, …, Hebrew.ʔdm: Arad's roots of the binyanim, the geminate slot, roots across patterns and conjugation classes.

References

• [Ara05]
• [Fau26]

The QaTaT–QaTa triplet

def Hebrew.klt : Morphology.ConsonantalRoot Phonology.Segment

√klt (קלט), the root of kalat 'received', klita and kalut, and of hiqlit 'record', which Arad writes √qlt.

Equations

• Hebrew.klt = { segments := [Hebrew.Phonology.k, Hebrew.Phonology.l, Hebrew.Phonology.t] }

def Hebrew.kl : Morphology.ConsonantalRoot Phonology.Segment

√kl (כלל), the biradical root of kalal 'included', klila and kalul, whose identical final consonants arise by template satisfaction.

Equations

• Hebrew.kl = { segments := [Hebrew.Phonology.K, Hebrew.Phonology.l] }

def Hebrew.klj : Morphology.ConsonantalRoot Phonology.Segment

√klj (קלה), the root of kala 'roasted', klija and kaluj, whose final j surfaces only outside the past tense.

Equations

• Hebrew.klj = { segments := [Hebrew.Phonology.k, Hebrew.Phonology.l, Hebrew.Phonology.j] }

The taQTiL nouns

def Hebrew.dmj : Morphology.ConsonantalRoot Phonology.Segment

√dmj (דמה), the root of dimuj 'simile' and the feminine tadmit '(public) image'.

Equations

• Hebrew.dmj = { segments := [Hebrew.Phonology.d, Hebrew.Phonology.m, Hebrew.Phonology.j] }

def Hebrew.bnj : Morphology.ConsonantalRoot Phonology.Segment

√bnj (בנה), the root of banuj 'built' and the feminine tavnit 'mold'.

Equations

• Hebrew.bnj = { segments := [Hebrew.Phonology.B, Hebrew.Phonology.n, Hebrew.Phonology.j] }

def Hebrew.glj : Morphology.ConsonantalRoot Phonology.Segment

√glj (גלה), the root of galuj 'apparent' and the feminine taglit 'discovery'.

Equations

• Hebrew.glj = { segments := [Hebrew.Phonology.«ɡ», Hebrew.Phonology.l, Hebrew.Phonology.j] }

def Hebrew.rmj : Morphology.ConsonantalRoot Phonology.Segment

√rmj (רמה), the root of remija 'cheating' and the feminine tarmit 'hoax'.

Equations

• Hebrew.rmj = { segments := [Hebrew.Phonology.«ʁ», Hebrew.Phonology.m, Hebrew.Phonology.j] }

def Hebrew.skt : Morphology.ConsonantalRoot Phonology.Segment

√skt (סכת), the t-final root of the masculine taskit 'radio drama'.

Equations

• Hebrew.skt = { segments := [Hebrew.Phonology.s, Hebrew.Phonology.K, Hebrew.Phonology.t] }

def Hebrew.ktv : Morphology.ConsonantalRoot Phonology.Segment

√ktv (כתב), the root of katuv 'written', kituv 'script' and ktiva 'writing'.

Equations

• Hebrew.ktv = { segments := [Hebrew.Phonology.K, Hebrew.Phonology.t, Hebrew.Phonology.B] }

The binyanim

def Hebrew.lmd : Morphology.ConsonantalRoot Phonology.Segment

√lmd (למד), the root of lamad 'learn' and its passive nilmad.

Equations

• Hebrew.lmd = { segments := [Hebrew.Phonology.l, Hebrew.Phonology.m, Hebrew.Phonology.d] }

def Hebrew.spr : Morphology.ConsonantalRoot Phonology.Segment

√spr (ספר), the root of siper 'tell' and its passive supar.

Equations

• Hebrew.spr = { segments := [Hebrew.Phonology.s, Hebrew.Phonology.P, Hebrew.Phonology.«ʁ»] }

def Hebrew.pll : Morphology.ConsonantalRoot Phonology.Segment

√pll (פלל), the root of hitpalel 'pray'.

Equations

• Hebrew.pll = { segments := [Hebrew.Phonology.P, Hebrew.Phonology.l, Hebrew.Phonology.l] }

def Hebrew.npc : Morphology.ConsonantalRoot Phonology.Segment

√npc (נפץ), the root of nipec 'shatter' and its passive nupac.

Equations

• Hebrew.npc = { segments := [Hebrew.Phonology.n, Hebrew.Phonology.P, Hebrew.Phonology.ts] }

def Hebrew.xlq : Morphology.ConsonantalRoot Phonology.Segment

√xlq (חלק), the root of xileq 'divide' and its passive xulaq.

Equations

• Hebrew.xlq = { segments := [Hebrew.Phonology.x, Hebrew.Phonology.l, Hebrew.Phonology.k] }

def Hebrew.str : Morphology.ConsonantalRoot Phonology.Segment

√str (סתר), the root of histir 'hide' and its passive hustar.

Equations

• Hebrew.str = { segments := [Hebrew.Phonology.s, Hebrew.Phonology.t, Hebrew.Phonology.«ʁ»] }

def Hebrew.pqd : Morphology.ConsonantalRoot Phonology.Segment

√pqd (פקד), the root of hifqid 'deposit' and its passive hufqad.

Equations

• Hebrew.pqd = { segments := [Hebrew.Phonology.P, Hebrew.Phonology.k, Hebrew.Phonology.d] }

def Hebrew.šmr : Morphology.ConsonantalRoot Phonology.Segment

√šmr (שמר), the root of šamar 'guard'.

Equations

• Hebrew.šmr = { segments := [Hebrew.Phonology.«ʃ», Hebrew.Phonology.m, Hebrew.Phonology.«ʁ»] }

The geminate slot

def Hebrew.trgm : Morphology.ConsonantalRoot Phonology.Segment

√trgm (תרגם), the quadriliteral root of tirgem 'translate', whose fourth consonant takes the geminate slot.

Equations

• Hebrew.trgm = { segments := [Hebrew.Phonology.t, Hebrew.Phonology.«ʁ», Hebrew.Phonology.«ɡ», Hebrew.Phonology.m] }

def Hebrew.qbl : Morphology.ConsonantalRoot Phonology.Segment

√qbl (קבל), the root of qibel 'receive', where the geminate b does not spirantize.

Equations

• Hebrew.qbl = { segments := [Hebrew.Phonology.k, Hebrew.Phonology.B, Hebrew.Phonology.l] }

def Hebrew.rkk : Morphology.ConsonantalRoot Phonology.Segment

√rkk (רכך), the root of hitrakex 'become soft', where the geminate k does not spirantize.

Equations

• Hebrew.rkk = { segments := [Hebrew.Phonology.«ʁ», Hebrew.Phonology.K, Hebrew.Phonology.K] }

Roots across patterns

def Hebrew.šmn : Morphology.ConsonantalRoot Phonology.Segment

√šmn (שמן), the root of šemen 'oil', šamenet 'cream', hišmin 'fatten' and šimen 'grease'.

Equations

• Hebrew.šmn = { segments := [Hebrew.Phonology.«ʃ», Hebrew.Phonology.m, Hebrew.Phonology.n] }

def Hebrew.xšb : Morphology.ConsonantalRoot Phonology.Segment

√xšb (חשב), the root of xašav 'think', xišev 'calculate', maxšev 'computer' and xešbon 'arithmetic'.

Equations

• Hebrew.xšb = { segments := [Hebrew.Phonology.x, Hebrew.Phonology.«ʃ», Hebrew.Phonology.B] }

def Hebrew.sgr : Morphology.ConsonantalRoot Phonology.Segment

√sgr (סגר), the root of sagar 'close', hisgir 'extradite', seger 'closure' and misgeret 'frame'.

Equations

• Hebrew.sgr = { segments := [Hebrew.Phonology.s, Hebrew.Phonology.«ɡ», Hebrew.Phonology.«ʁ»] }

The conjugation classes

def Hebrew.ptx : Morphology.ConsonantalRoot Phonology.Segment

√ptx (פתח), the root of patax 'open' and its inchoative niftax.

Equations

• Hebrew.ptx = { segments := [Hebrew.Phonology.P, Hebrew.Phonology.t, Hebrew.Phonology.x] }

def Hebrew.«qpʔ» : Morphology.ConsonantalRoot Phonology.Segment

√qpʔ (קפא), the root of qafaʔ 'freeze' and its causative hiqpiʔ.

Equations

• Hebrew.«qpʔ» = { segments := [Hebrew.Phonology.k, Hebrew.Phonology.P, Hebrew.Phonology.«ʔ»] }

def Hebrew.mss : Morphology.ConsonantalRoot Phonology.Segment

√mss (מסס), the root of namas 'melt' and its causative hemes.

Equations

• Hebrew.mss = { segments := [Hebrew.Phonology.m, Hebrew.Phonology.s, Hebrew.Phonology.s] }

def Hebrew.xmm : Morphology.ConsonantalRoot Phonology.Segment

√xmm (חמם), the root of ximem 'heat' and its inchoative hitxamem.

Equations

• Hebrew.xmm = { segments := [Hebrew.Phonology.x, Hebrew.Phonology.m, Hebrew.Phonology.m] }

def Hebrew.bhr : Morphology.ConsonantalRoot Phonology.Segment

√bhr (בהר), the root of hivhir 'make clear' and its inchoative hitbaher.

Equations

• Hebrew.bhr = { segments := [Hebrew.Phonology.B, Hebrew.Phonology.h, Hebrew.Phonology.«ʁ»] }

def Hebrew.«ʔdm» : Morphology.ConsonantalRoot Phonology.Segment

√ʔdm (אדם), the root of heʔedim 'redden, be red'.

Equations

• Hebrew.«ʔdm» = { segments := [Hebrew.Phonology.«ʔ», Hebrew.Phonology.d, Hebrew.Phonology.m] }