Doyayo Auxiliary Verb Fragment #
Doyayo (Adamawa, Niger-Congo; Cameroon) appears in [And06a] under two distinct AVC patterns:
- Ch 3 (LEX-headed), ex. (15a-b), p. 121. Auxiliary uninflected (or marked only by tone for subject person); lexical verb carries TAM and argument-structure morphology. Sources: Wiering and Wiering 1994: 55, 77.
- Ch 5 (SPLIT/DOUBLED), ex. (128-129), pp. 222-223. Subjects doubly marked on AUX and LV; objects only on LV; the auxiliary is a grammaticalized motion verb encoding TAM. Sources: Wiering and Wiering 1994: 217, 221, 222.
This Fragment exposes BOTH patterns; the Studies/Anderson2006.lean
study file consumes them as two separate AVCDatums.
The earlier single-pattern entry (W&W 1994: 75 'they will be
catching him for me' classified as .split) was removed in the
2026-04-30 audit: Anderson never classifies Doyayo as plain split,
and the cited W&W p. 75 example does not appear in any of Anderson's
Doyayo passages (Anderson cites W&W pp. 55, 77, 217, 221, 222).
Equations
- Doyayo.AuxiliaryVerbs.family = "Adamawa, Niger-Congo"
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- Doyayo.AuxiliaryVerbs.location = "Cameroon"
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Lex-headed pattern (Anderson 2006, Ch 3 ex. 15a, p. 121) #
Lex-headed AVC form (Anderson Ch 3 ex. 15a, p. 121).
mi¹ (gi²) kpel¹-ko¹
'I AUX pour-PROX'
'I'm going to pour'
(Wiering and Wiering 1994: 55, cited in [And06a]).
AUX gi² is parenthesized in Anderson's gloss; per Anderson p. 120
it "partially encodes person of the subject through the tone associated
with the auxiliary". The LV kpel¹-ko¹ carries the proximate-future
TAM marker.
Equations
- Doyayo.AuxiliaryVerbs.lexHeadedForm = "mi¹ (gi²) kpel¹-ko¹"
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Equations
- Doyayo.AuxiliaryVerbs.lexHeadedGloss = "I AUX pour-PROX 'I'm going to pour'"
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Lex-headed inflection: AUX carries tonal subject agreement (Anderson p. 120: "partially encodes person of the subject through the tone"); LV carries TAM.
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Split/doubled pattern (Anderson 2006, Ch 5 ex. 128-129, pp. 222-223) #
Split/doubled AVC form (Anderson Ch 5 ex. 129, p. 223).
hi¹-za¹ hi¹-zaa¹³ hi¹-lɔ-mɔ
'3PL-POT 3PL-come 3PL-bite-2'
'they might come bite you'
(Wiering and Wiering 1994: 221, cited in [And06a]).
Subject hi¹ is doubly marked on AUX and LV (each prefixed with
hi¹-); object -mɔ (2nd person) appears only on the LV.
Anderson p. 223: "this pattern, consisting of an object found on
the lexical verb with doubled subject inflection, is common in
Doyayo." Note hi¹-zaa¹³ carries a contour tone (1+3); the
earlier single-tone hi¹-zaa³ rendering was a transcription
error caught in the 0.230.576 meta-audit.
Equations
- Doyayo.AuxiliaryVerbs.splitDoubledForm = "hi¹-za¹ hi¹-zaa¹³ hi¹-lɔ-mɔ"
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Equations
- Doyayo.AuxiliaryVerbs.splitDoubledGloss = "3PL-POT 3PL-come 3PL-bite-2 'they might come bite you'"
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Split/doubled inflection: subject agreement doubled on both
elements; object agreement appears only on LV. The role-typed
encoding (subj vs obj) makes the Anderson Ch 5 §5.2 "objects on
LV only" generalization directly Lean-checkable: see
Studies/Anderson2006.lean.
Equations
- One or more equations did not get rendered due to their size.
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Primary pattern alias #
The Ch 3 lex-headed pattern is the chronologically earlier, simpler
construction; the split/doubled pattern derives diachronically from
serialization (Anderson p. 222-223). For consumers needing a single
form/distribution pair, the lex-headed entries are the default.