Modern Standard Arabic negation #
The MSA standard-negation inventory — four preverbal particles (laa, lam,
lan, maa) plus the inflecting copular verb lays-a 'to not be' — typed
against Syntax.Negation and bundled into a NegationSystem and a
NegationProfile.
Main definitions #
negMarkers— the five sentential negators.negationSystem— markers plus WALS Ch 112A/143A/144A datapoints (ofISO "arb").negationProfile— the WALS Ch 112–115 typology coding.
Implementation notes #
lam / lan condition a mood shift (jussive / subjunctive) on an otherwise
finite verb, and lays-a supplies a finite copula where the affirmative is
verbless — read here as Miestamo's A/Fin, extending it from a verb losing
finiteness to a clause gaining it. So MSA negation is WALS Ch 113 .both
(symmetric laa / maa plus asymmetric lam / lan / lays-a) with the
Ch 114 .finAndCat subtype.
MSA (arb) is absent from [Mie05] and from WALS Ch 113A/114A
(which carry only Egyptian arz), so symmetry and asymmetrySubtype are a
project-internal extrapolation, not Miestamo's own coding; the position fields
(Ch 143A/144A) are WALS-pulled by NegationSystem.ofISO.
References #
The five-marker inventory: laa (general / present), lam (past), lan (future), maa (past, colloquial-leaning), lays-a (copular). The four particles precede the verb; lays-a is itself a verb inflecting for person / number / gender.
Equations
- One or more equations did not get rendered due to their size.
Instances For
Bundled NegationSystem (markers + WALS Ch 112A/143A/144A datapoints
pulled from Data.WALS by ISO code arb).
Equations
Instances For
Modern Standard Arabic negation profile (WALS Ch 112-115 + Greco/JinKoenig
fields); see the module docstring for the .both / .finAndCat rationale.
Equations
- One or more equations did not get rendered due to their size.