Modern Standard Arabic negation #

The MSA standard-negation inventory — four preverbal particles (laa, lam, lan, maa) plus the inflecting copular verb lays-a 'to not be' — typed against Syntax.Negation and bundled into a NegationSystem.

Main definitions #

negMarkers — the five sentential negators.
negationSystem — markers plus WALS Ch 112A/143A/144A datapoints (ofISO "arb").

Implementation notes #

lam / lan condition a mood shift (jussive / subjunctive) on an otherwise finite verb, and lays-a supplies a finite copula where the affirmative is verbless. MSA (arb) is absent from [Mie05] and from WALS Ch 113A/114A (which carry only Egyptian arz), so no symmetric/asymmetric coding is recorded here; the position fields (Ch 143A/144A) are WALS-pulled by NegationSystem.ofISO.

References #

[Ryd05] ch. 37: §37.1 lays-a (paradigm chart §37.1.1), §37.2 the particles (laa §37.2.1, lam §37.2.2.1, maa §37.2.2.2, lan §37.2.3); jussive §35.1, subjunctive §34.2.
[Ben00] ch. 6.

source

def Arabic.ModernStandard.Negation.negMarkers :

List Syntax.Negation.NegMarkerEntry

The five-marker inventory: laa (general / present), lam (past), lan (future), maa (past, colloquial-leaning), lays-a (copular). The four particles precede the verb; lays-a is itself a verb inflecting for person / number / gender.

Equations

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Instances For

source

def Arabic.ModernStandard.Negation.negationSystem :

Syntax.Negation.NegationSystem

Bundled NegationSystem (markers + WALS Ch 112A/143A/144A datapoints pulled from Data.WALS by ISO code arb).